Microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nucleoside ProTide analogues

Abstract

A microwave enhanced synthesis of prodrug nucleotide (ProTide) analogues is presented.

A Concise Review of Multicomponent Reactions Using Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts under Microwave Irradiation

“…The MI has tremendous applications in various chemistry research areas such as, heterogeneous catalytic reactions [46], solid state chemistry [47], different heterocyclic organic synthesis involving O, N, and S [48], nitrogen containing heterocycles [49], heterocyclic synthetic reactions [50], solvent free heterocyclic synthesis processes [51], colloidal inorganic nanocrystal synthesis [52], bioactive six membered heterocycles synthesis [53], five membered nitrogen heterocycles synthesis [54], Knoevenagel condensation [55], indoles synthesis [56], triazoloquinazolinones and benzimidazoquinazolinones synthesis [57], extraction of volatile compounds [58], oxazoles and diastereoselective oxazolines [59], synthesis of quinazolines and quinazolinones [60], polymer synthesis [61], ferrocenyl chalcone synthesis [62], arylidene acetophenones synthesis [63], photo oxidation of sulfoxides [64], potential biological compounds [65], organic nanoparticle synthesis [66], synthesis of amino-quinazoline derivatives [67], coumarin-purine derivatives [68], various ring opening polymerisation reactions [69], nucleoside protide analogues synthesis [70], organic trans-formations and synthesis [71], benzannulation reactions [72], heterocyclic phosphonate synthesis [73], azha heterocycle synthesis [74], one pot three component pyrazole synthesis [75], heterocyclic hydrazone synthesis [73], degradation reactions [76], heterogeneous catalysis [77,78], 1,2,3 triazolobenzodiazepinones synthesis [79], silica material synthesis…”

“…Catalysts 2023, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 21 oxidation of sulfoxides [64], potential biological compounds [65], organic nanoparticle synthesis [66], synthesis of amino-quinazoline derivatives [67], coumarin-purine derivatives [68], various ring opening polymerisation reactions [69], nucleoside protide analogues synthesis [70], organic transformations and synthesis [71], benzannulation reactions [72], heterocyclic phosphonate synthesis [73], azha heterocycle synthesis [74], one pot three component pyrazole synthesis [75], heterocyclic hydrazone synthesis [73], degradation reactions [76], heterogeneous catalysis [77,78], 1,2,3 triazolobenzodiazepinones synthesis [79], silica material synthesis [80], 2-aryl and 2,5-diarylthiophene derivatives preparation [81], decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives [82], Pd-carbon catalysed reactions [83], and carbon supported-Co catalytic reactions [84].…”

BF3@K10: An Efficient Heterogeneous Montmorillonite Catalyst for the Halogenation of N-Heterocycles

“…It can be used under solvent-free conditions in a one-pot process and activated by microwave or ultrasound irradiation. 5 Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has been widely used in organic chemistry for the last 40 years to solve problems such as low yields, long reaction times, formation of byproducts, and efficient synthesis of libraries of compounds. 6 In 2014, Bamoniri and co-workers developed a green heterogeneous solid acid based on BF 3 embedded in silica nanoparticles for preparing formazan dyes under solvent-free conditions.…”

Structure, Synthesis and Inhibition Mechanism of Nucleoside Analogues as HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

“…In recent years, the importance of phosphate prodrugs with asymmetric centers has increased, which calls for efficient synthesis of ProTide‐type prodrugs such as tenofovir alafenamide ( 154 ). There are many reports of diastereoselective synthesis of ProTide‐type phosphate prodrugs by examining the Lewis acids and catalysts used for coupling with nucleosides [85–87] . In addition to tenofovir alafenamide ( 154 ), sofosbuvir, a top drug against hepatitis C virus (HCV), and remdesivir, which is expected to be a therapeutic agent against COVID‐19, a global threat as of 2020, are also useful ProTide‐type phosphate prodrugs, [88,89] and the development of more innovative methods to synthesize ProTide‐type phosphate prodrugs is desired.…”

“…Lamivudine 83is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase in cells to lamivudine-monophosphate (87). Lamivudine-monophosphate (87) is phosphorylated to lamivudine-diphosphate (86) by dCMP kinase, and lamivudine-diphosphate (88) is phosphorylated by NDP kinase and metabolized to the active species lamivudine-triphosphate (89; Scheme 22).…”