Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatments for biomass valorisation: a critical review

Gao, Yang; Remón, Javier; Matharu, Avtar S.

doi:10.1039/d1gc00623a

Cited by 94 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the detected conversion of glycerol was quite low (6.5% at 0.17 h) when conventional heating was selected as the energy supply method, and it climbed to 47.3% within 1.5 h and further increased to 72.8% when the reaction was prolonged to 6 h. These results indicated that microwave irradiation could shorten the reaction time greatly, which might be ascribed to microwave irradiation having higher thermal efficiency thanks to the interaction between the oscillating electromagnetic field of microwave and the dipoles of polar molecules. However, a conventional heating method can only provide heat to the reaction mixture via thermal conduction, and this conduction depends strongly on the thermal conductivity of the reaction system. − As a result, microwave irradiation possesses several unique advantages, such as faster heating rate and obvious reduction in reaction time compared with conventional heating. ,,− …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Biodiesel is an excellent renewable fuel, but a large amount of glycerol formed along with the manufacture of biodiesel. Catalytic production of jet fuel via etherification of glycerol and tert-butyl alcohol could pave a way for the valuable utilization of the surplus byproduct. In this work, the synthesis of jet fuel from glycerol with different energy supply methods was explored over a series of solid acids. It was found that a copolymer of divinylbenzene and p-styrenesulfonic acid (PS-x) exhibited excellent performance and stability for this reaction, and microwave irradiation can accelerate this process noticeably. The detected conversion of glycerol reached 81.3% at 80 °C within 1.5 h under 300 W microwave irradiation, and the highest turnover frequency of each acid site in PS-0.2 attained 415.9 h–1. Characterization results indicated that PS-0.2 possessed a high acidity (0.9 mmol/g) and a large surface area (770.6 m2/g) with a hierarchical pore structure. At the same time, kinetic analysis also disclosed that microwave irradiation can decrease the activation energy of this reaction compared with that of a conventional heating method.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Undoubtedly, it is significant to search for renewable and sustainable resources to produce fuels and materials with the aim of lowering the use of fossil fuels and reducing CO 2 emissions. To date, a range of biomass and organic waste including first-, second-, and third-generation biomass have been extensively investigated as the raw materials for the generation of biofuels and biomaterials [1][2][3][4]. Biofuel production obtained from first-generation biomass such as corn is a well-established process; however, it would lead to fuel vs. food competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

Gallant

Salaudeen

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are industrial biowaste resulting from the coffee-brewing process, and they are often underutilized and end up in landfills, thereby leading to the emission of toxic gases and environmental damage. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an attractive approach to valorize wet biomass such as SCG to valuable bioproducts (i.e., hydrochar). Thus, in this work, the HTC of SCG was carried out in a 500 L stainless steel vessel at 150, 170, 190, 210, and 230 °C for 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min and a feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, and the use of the resulting hydrochar as a solid fuel was evaluated. The results showed that a high energy recovery (83.93%) and HHV (23.54 MJ/kg) of hydrochar was obtained at moderate conditions (150 °C, 30 min, and feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5) when compared with conventional approaches such as torrefaction. Following this, the surface morphology, functionality, and combustion behavior of this hydrochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA, respectively. In short, it can be concluded that HTC is an effective approach for producing solid fuel from SCG and the resulting hydrochar has the potential to be applied either in domestic heating or large-scale co-firing plants.

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“…Similar to other biomass, hickory shell husk has high hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin contents. However, the differences in the structure and reactivity of these major components make the fractionation and utilization of hickory shell [ 4 , 5 ]. In general, cellulose can be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar for further biofuel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Chinese hickory shell as novel sources for the efficient production of xylooligosaccharides

Wang

Huang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Chinese hickory shell, a by-product of the food industry, is still not utilized and urgent to develop sustainable technologies for its valorization. This research focuses on the systematical evaluation of degraded products and xylooligosaccharide production with high yield from the shell via hydrothermal process. The pretreatment was carried out in a bath pressurized reactor at 140–220 °C for 0.5–2 h. The results indicated that the pretreatment condition strongly affected the chemical structures and compositions of the liquid fraction. The maximum yield of XOS (55.3 wt%) with limitation of by-products formation was achieved at 160 °C for 2 h. High temperature (220 °C) and short time (0.5 h) contributed to hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharide with high DP to yield 37.5 wt% xylooligosaccharide with DP from 2 to 6. Xylooligosaccharide obtained mainly consisted of xylan with branches according to the HSQC NMR analysis. Overall, the production of XOS with a high yield from food waste will facilitate the valorization of food waste in the biorefinery industry. Graphical Abstract

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Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatments for biomass valorisation: a critical review

Abstract: The sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels, chemicals and biomaterials has gained increasing attention to ensure the well-being of present and future generations. Among the different technologies available to date...

Cited by 94 publications

References 180 publications

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Synthesis of Jet Fuel from Glycerol and tert-Butyl Alcohol under Microwave Irradiation

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

Valorization of Chinese hickory shell as novel sources for the efficient production of xylooligosaccharides

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