Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Nd, N, and P tri-doped TiO2 from TiCl4 hydrolysis and synergetic mechanism for enhanced photoactivity under simulated sunlight irradiation

Low Energy Consumption Synthesis of Nanostructured TiO2Particles by Combining Oxidant Peroxide Method and Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Treatment

“…Peaks for the anatase phase (PDF 01-0562) were observed in the XRD patterns for all samples prepared at 150 ∘ C and 200 ∘ C (Figures 2(a In this case, TiO 2 powders were prepared using OPM route without microwave irradiation and required 24 h reaction time. Jiang et al [11] concluded that the synthesis of a single and homogeneous anatase phase is completely achievable by adjusting the temperature and time in a microwave system. They observed that peak intensities in XRD patterns narrowed gradually with increasing time and/or temperature of hydrothermal exposure, in good agreement with our results.…”

“…Studies show that most wet-chemical routes can present some disadvantages: the appearance of secondary phases, nonstoichiometric compositions, and impurities in the primary products [6]. In this context, combining the oxidant peroxide method (OPM) [7][8][9][10] with hydrothermal microwave treatment [11] is an excellent synthesis route to obtain materials with extensive applicability in photocatalysis, such as TiO 2 . Use of microwave heating instead of the usual autoclave reactor in the hydrothermal treatment significantly decreases energy consumption during synthesis [12].…”