Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of Pure and Mn-Doped ZnO Nanocomposites: In Vitro Antibacterial Assay and Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

Abstract

This paper describes the eco-friendly microwave-assisted green synthesis of pure and manganese-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites using ethanolic solution of castor oil as a reductant and capping agent. Solutions of Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions were mixed in fixed ratios to obtain 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7% pure and Mn-doped ZnO nanomaterials. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX analyses. Powder XRD furnished characteristic fragmentation patterns for the confirmation of the synthesized materials and was also used to estimate the size of the synthesized nanoparticles by Scherrer’s equation. Diffraction patterns were characteristic of wurtzite structure and of the size in the range of 6.5, 5.6, 5.2, 5.1, and 4.3 nm for pure and Mn-doped ZnO nanocomposites. UV-visible spectra displayed maximum absorbance at 340 nm, and manganese doping caused a red shift. FT-IR spectra confirmed that the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles as Zn─O appeared at below 700 cm−1 as well as the presence of organic moieties of the castor oil acting as stabilizing agents. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed all the synthesized materials were spherical in shape with some aggregation and polydispersity, and in the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), specific peaks with characteristic patterns were seen for Zn, O, and Mn. A TEM micrograph displayed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of nanoparticles with average size less than 50 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was checked in the presence of sunlight and in darkness. Interestingly, samples placed under the solar radiation exhibited significant results only with the catalyst; all the samples used without the catalyst showed negligible degradation effects, and even the samples placed in the dark containing catalysts also displayed a negative effect. A mechanism for this significant activity is also proposed. In vitro the antibacterial potential was studied against two pathogenic strains, i.e., Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; interestingly activity kept on increasing with the increasing manganese content. Overall, all the samples presented comparable activity to ciprofloxacin.

Green-Synthesized Sm3+-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Applications

“…Sm-doped ZnO with diferent mol% Sm 3+ doping concentrations ranging from 1 to 7 mol % were denoted by ZnO: 1 mol %Sm 3+ , ZnO: 3 mol %Sm 3+ , Zno: 5 mol% Sm 3+ , and ZnO:7 mol %Sm 3+ , respectively [32]. [33]. Te progress of the reaction was monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy at room temperature, covering the range of 200-800 nm.…”

Photocatalytic activity study of ZnO modified with nitrogen–sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots under visible light

“…Also, the quantum efficiency of ZnO is very low and the photogenerated electron-hole pairs easily recombine. [22][23][24][25] To overcome these drawbacks, the modification of ZnO is an effective way to decrease the bandgap energy by using transition metals, such as silver, 26 europium, 27 platinum, 28 cobalt, 29 nickel 30 and manganese. 31 The photocatalytic response of modified ZnO composites can extend from the UV region to the visible region.…”