Microwave-Assisted Formation of Ternary Inclusion Complex of Pterostilbene

Abstract

Pterostilbene (PTS) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin. PTS displays limited water solubility, which consequently results in its diminished oral bioavailability. Therefore, a ternary inclusion complex (TIC) of PTS with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in the presence of ternary substance Pluronic® F-127 (PLF) was prepared using microwave technology. The PTS-TIC was characterized by dissolution performance. Further, the prepared TIC was characterized by DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PTS and PTS-TIC was also evaluated. Phase-solubility studies revealed that PTS’s solubility in water was increased by 6.72 times when βCD/PLF was present. In comparison with PTS, prepared PTS-TIC produced a considerable improvement in PTS release. After 1 h, 74.03 ± 4.47% of PTS was released from PTS-TIC. Outcomes of DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed that the PTS was enclosed in the βCD cavity. In terms of antioxidant properties, the PTS-TIC formulation demonstrated superior activity compared to PTS, possibly attributed to the improved solubility of PTS resulting from the formation of TIC using microwave technology. It was concluded that microwave technology proved to be an extremely beneficial means of interacting PTS with βCD. In addition to increasing the solubility of PTS, the findings are also expected to improve its bioavailability by increasing its solubility. As a result, this study could provide insight into potential methods for enhancing the solubility of polyphenolic substances like PTS.

Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation

“…The findings of our DSC studies are also confirmed by literature data provided by FTIR analyses investigating the spectra of either the pure substances or their combinations [67][68][69][70]. For example, FTIR analysis of pure P407 showed absorption bands at 3000-2850 cm −1 , -CH 2 stretch corresponding to the bonds present in PEO and PPO blocks, and stretching vibrations of C-C bonds at 1100 cm −1 and at 1380 cm −1 due to the symmetric angular deformation of CH 3 [67].…”

“…This observation led to the inference that P407 engages with the hydrophobic cavity of HPβCD. Also, Bin Jardan et al [69] used FTIR analysis to identify the interactions developed between the materials of their ternary inclusion complex (comprising a pterostilbene, β-CD, and P407). Indeed, they proved that the combination of the materials diminished the peaks' intensities and caused displacements of peaks compared to those of pure compounds.…”

Enhanced Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Pterostilbene (Resveratrol Derivative) in Amorphous Solid Dispersions

“…To address this challenge, researchers have explored various methods. These approaches include the development of amorphous solid dispersion [ 23 ], inclusion complex [ 24 , 25 ], nanoparticles [ 26 ], cocrystals [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], and the production of nanoemulsions [ 30 ].…”

“…For example, PTR complexed with HPβCD exhibits potent antibacterial effects against Fusobacterium nucleatum , a key periodontal pathogen. Additionally, its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties make PTR a promising candidate for nutraceutical use in the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis [ 24 , 25 ]. Nanoparticles of PTR obtained by Zhao et al successfully decreased blood glucose levels, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reversed micro-inflammation in mice [ 26 ].…”