Microwave-assisted fluorolytic sol–gel route to iron fluoride nanoparticles for Li-Ion batteries

Abstract

A simple microwave-assisted fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis of 30 nm sized FeF3 nanocrystals supported on partially reduced graphene oxide is reported. The as-fabricated nanostructures used as positive electrodes in Li-ion batteries show capacity retention as high as 150 mA h g(-1) even after having sustained repeated charge-discharge cycles.

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Metal Fluoride Nanoparticles from Metal Amidinate Precursors in 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids and Propylene Carbonate

“…In contrast to our work, they used diethylene glycol and methanolast he solvents and HF in methanol solution and ammonium fluoride as the fluorine sources.S imilar to this work, the MF x -NPs were obtainedu nder microwave heating. [15,16] ILs are alternatives to aqueous ando rganic solvents [17,18] and are regarded as an ew liquid medium [19,20] for the preparation of inorganic materials, including M-NPs. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] ILs have negligible vapor pressure,h igh thermals tability, high ionic conductivity, ab road liquid-state temperature range, and the ability to dissolve av ariety of materials.…”

Iron(III) fluoride synthesized by a fluorolysis method and its electrochemical properties as a positive electrode material for lithium secondary batteries

“…A new positive electrode material with large capacity is needed for these devices, because current positive electrode materials utilize insertion reactions with intrinsically limited capacities based on one-(or less) electron reaction per formula unit (140 mAh g −1 for LiCoO 2 (0.5 Li) [4,5] and 170 mAh g −1 for LiFePO 4 (1 Li) [6]). Thus, instead of such insertion materials, iron(III) fluoride (FeF 3 ) has been receiving attention as a positive electrode material with a high theoretical capacity of 712 mAh g −1 based on the three-electron reaction, reasonably high average operating potential of 2.7 V vs. Li + /Li, in addition to abundant resources of iron [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Spherical FeF3•0.33H2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite with mesoporous structure as cathode material of sodium ion battery

“…Especially, iron fluoride has attracted great interests as a prospective new class of cathode materials, which exhibit high theoretical capacity (712 mAh g -1 for 3 etransfer), low cost, abundant sources, low toxicity, and high safety. Among numerous polymorphs of iron fluorides, such as FeF 3 , FeF 3 • 0.33H 2 O, FeF 2.5 • 0.5H 2 O, FeF 3 • 0.5H 2 O and FeF 3 • 3H 2 O, FeF 3 • 0.33H 2 O is of the most attention due to its unique tunnel structure which is greatly beneficial to the Na + storage performance [26][27][28][29] . Unfortunately, the high electro-negativity of fluorine induces a large band gap, and thus leading to a poor electronic conductivity, a very low actual capacity and fast capacity fading [30] .…”