Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Physalis angulata

Abstract

In this work, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for the extraction of total polyphenols from Physalis angulata. Several parameters of the MAE procedure (ethanol concentration, irradiation power, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio) were assessed through an experimental Box-Behnken design (four variables and three levels). Results indicated a variation from 3.74 to 0.03 mg GAE/g of extract (total polyphenol), 7.77 to 0.5 mg/L (gallic acid), 0.55 to 0.27 mg/L (ellagic acid), 0.26 to 0.02 mg/L (caffeic acid), 0.86 to 0.25 mg/L (rutin) and 2.43 to 0.89 mg/L (mangiferin), and different effects were observed depending on the compounds. In summary, MAE may be used as a suitable approach for the selective extraction of total polyphenols from Physalis angulata. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMicrowave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a potential technique to obtain total phenolic compounds from vegetable sources. This approach increases the yields and reduces the extraction time and the consumption of solvent compared with traditional extraction methods. Extract from Physalis angulata shows high polyphenol content and ethnopharmacological value which may be applied as preservative (in food industry) or due to its biological properties (antioxidant, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory).

<b>The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction on polyphenolics compounds obtained from <i>Physalis angulata</i> using response surface approach

“…Regarding flavonoids, both showed different extraction behavior. Quercetin was not detected in any extracts (similar results found by Nayak et al, 2015 andCarniel et al, 2016). Kaempferol showed similar extraction behavior to Ellagic acid and it was only found in 2 assays where ranged from 0.0009 (assay 4) to 0.0019 mg g -1 (assay 10).…”

“…Samples of physalis were obtained and prepared according to Carniel et al, (2016). In addition, the following materials were used in this work: ethanol (95% of purity, Dinamica, Diadema/Brazil); flavonoids, phenolic acids and Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Na 2 CO 3 (Dinamica, Diadema/Brazil).…”

“…Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method as previously described by Carniel et al, (2016). The concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extracts were evaluated by HPLC-DAD (within the range of 1-100 μg mL -1 for both compounds) according to analytical conditions reported by Nayak et al, (2015) and Carniel et al, (2016).…”

“…Rutin and mangifer in showed the minimum values of 0.0017 and 0.0026 mg g -1 (assay 12), whereas the maximum values were 0.0583 and 0.0133 mg g -1 for each compound, respectively. By comparison, Carniel et al, (2016) adopted the microwaveassisted extraction and found maximum values of TPC, phenolic acids (gallic, ellagic and caffeic acid) and flavonoids (rutin and mangiferin) equal to 3.74 mg GAE g -1 , 7.77, 0.55, 0.26, 0.86, and 2.43 mg L -1 , respectively. Although the TPC herein found was lower than using microwave-assisted extraction, it should be noted that amount extracted of each compound was considerably higher.…”

Extraction of Flavonoids From Natural Sources Using Modern Techniques

“…Therefore, there will be an irradiation time limit for each of the bioactive compounds present in the matrix in which quality yields can be obtained (Yedhu and Rajan, 2016). For this reason, the extraction time of the MAE can vary from a few minutes (Carniel et al, 2017;Liang et al, 2017) to more than half an hour in some cases (Bouras et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2018). If a longer extraction time is required, extraction cycles can be used, which consists of the extraction of the sample in several successive stages in order not to use severe conditions (Zhao et al, 2018).…”