Microwave Applications in Neuromorphology and Neurochemistry: Safety Precautions and Techniques

Marani, Enrico

doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0611

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In recent years there has been a growing interest in studying brain metabolism, in part due to some important technological advancements. Firstly, in the 1970s, neurochemists began using focused microwave irradiation to rapidly and irreversibly inactivate enzymes in rodent brains in order to more accurately measure labile metabolites (reviewed by Schneider et al 1981;Marani 1998). This technique was elegantly applied to determine the regional distribution of glycogen in the rat brain in the 1980s (Sagar et al 1987;Swanson et al 1989) and more recently in the mouse brain (Oe et al 2016).…”

Section: Reviving Interest In Brain Glycogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Glycogen Structure and Its Associated Proteins: Past, Present and Future

Brewer

Gentry

2019

Advances in Neurobiology

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Section: Reviving Interest In Brain Glycogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Glycogen Structure and Its Associated Proteins: Past, Present and Future

Brewer

Gentry

2019

Advances in Neurobiology

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“…12 This, together with the increased motion of fixatives and molecules within the tissue, leads to a quicker, and more even perfusion of fixatives and exposure of tissue antigens that are inaccessible after tissue processing procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave irradiation enhances gene and oligonucleotide delivery and induces effective exon skipping in myoblasts

Doran

Vanier³

et al. 2008

Gene Ther

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Microwave (MW) energy consists of electric and magnetic fields and is able to penetrate deep into biological materials. We investigated the effect of MW (2450 MHz) irradiation on gene delivery in cultured mouse myoblasts and observed enhanced transgene expression. This effect is, however, highly variable and critically dependent on the power levels, duration and cycle conditions of MW exposure. MW irradiation greatly enhances delivery of 2 0 O methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (AON) targeting mouse dystrophin exon 23 and induces specific exon skipping in cultured myoblasts. Effective delivery of AON by MW irradiation is able to correct the dystrophin reading frame disrupted by a nonsense point mutation in the H2K mdx myoblasts, resulting in the restoration of dystrophin expression. MW-mediated nucleic acid delivery does not directly link to the increase in system temperature. The high variability in gene and oligonucleotide delivery is most likely the result of considerable irregularity in the distribution of the energy and magnetic field produced by MW with the current device. Therefore, achieving effective delivery of the therapeutic molecules would require new designs of MW devices capable of providing controllable and evenly distributed energy for homogenous exposure of the target cells.

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“…De ac ti va tion of rat brains with fo cused high energy (around 3.5 kW) MWI pulse makes neu rotrans mit ter anal y sis pos si ble be cause of the fast deac ti va tion of en zymes and no changes in the in vesti gated com pounds (Marani 1998). As MWI enhances the move ment of mol e cules and ions, the rate of var i ous chem i cal re ac tions is in creased in the MWI field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%