Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radar Circuits for the Next Generation Contact-Less In-Cabin Detection

Cardillo, Emanuele; Ferro, Luigi; Li, Changzhi

doi:10.23919/apmc55665.2022.9999764

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Most microwave Doppler radars exploit a homodyne architecture with the task of measuring the target phase history and to obtain information concerning the related target displacement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Although direct conversion receivers have demonstrated their effectiveness and reduced phase noise, their performance is seriously affected by the everpresent dc offset in the baseband section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Self-Motion for the Continuous Phase Analysis of Ac-Coupled Doppler Radars

Ferro,

Li,

Scandurra

et al. 2024

Electronics

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This paper analyzes the beneficial effects on phase detection arising from the motion of an ac-coupled Doppler radar. Indeed, although the presence of an ac coupling stage suppresses the dc offset after the receiver RF output, due to the coupling capacitor, a high-pass behavior is introduced; the presence of a high-pass behavior leads to signal distortion, particularly for low Doppler frequencies, which are typical in many biomedical or industrial applications. Since the target displacement is usually extracted from the phase history, this effect might, in turn, worsen the overall accuracy of the system. Moreover, if the target alternates stationary and moving time intervals, the phase detection step becomes challenging. Indeed, during the stationary time, the output of the RF front-end shows only noise fluctuations that, in turn, result in uncorrelated phases which might be confused with the real target displacement. This negative effect might be avoided by keeping the radar continuously moving, thus exploiting what is usually considered a state that is negative and worthy of attention. In this contribution, this effect is addressed from a different perspective, and ad hoc experimental case studies are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. This task has been accomplished through theoretical analysis and related experimental activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Self-Motion for the Continuous Phase Analysis of Ac-Coupled Doppler Radars

Ferro,

Li,

Scandurra

et al. 2024

Electronics

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“…Moreover, radar systems are very robust and reliable against ambient light conditions, which is a distinctive feature if compared with the optical systems [16]. A limited number of examples are available within the scientific literature, whereby radars are employed to recognize eye blinking and head movements [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]. A context of interest for such a kind of detections concerns the automotive industry, where the head motion and the eye-blinking detection are often exploited to recognize inattentive driver behaviors [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Eye-Blinking Detection With Millimeter-Wave Radar Glasses

Cardillo,

Ferro,

Sapienza

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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One of the most felt and serious problems of our society involves the capability to enable the communication of people affected by neurodegenerative pathologies. Indeed, the inability to communicate as a consequence of the patient paralysis is one of the main detrimental effects of such diseases. Since the head is the last affected part of the body, an accepted solution to enable the communication considers the detection of intentional eye blinking to be interpreted as messages or commands. In this article, a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) Doppler radar is devoted to this purpose with advantages in terms of size, computational cost, privacy concerns, and immunity to different light conditions, compared with competing optical image-based technologies. Displacement and micro-Doppler signature are measured with a 120-GHz radar to accurately recognize intentional motions. After analyzing the performance dependence on different radar positions, the radar has been integrated into a glass frame. This allowed us to mitigate the effects of random body motion as a consequence of the movements due to both the physiological activity and external factors. This contribution aims to demonstrate the radar's effectiveness as assistive systems to enable the patient's communication.

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“…Although most of the electromagnetic emissions were intentional and beneficial for society, the coexistence of such a huge number of electromagnetic sources resulted in the onset of electromagnetic interferences (EMIs), which should be carefully considered in order to avoid electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues where EMIs interfere with the proper operation of other electronic devices [ 4 , 5 ]. The scientific community has always been prudent concerning the possible effects on human health; several examples have seen the possible effects of EMIs on test equipment, both at low and high frequencies, and for various applications from the biomedical to the industrial field [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Simple Setup to Measure Shielding Effectiveness at Microwave Frequencies

Cardillo,

Carcione,

Ferro

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Testing the shielding effectiveness of materials is a key step for many applications, from the industrial to the biomedical field. This task is very relevant for high-sensitivity sensors, whose performance can be greatly affected by electromagnetic fields. However, the available testing procedures often require expensive, bulky, and heavy measurement chambers. In this paper, a cost-effective and reliable measurement procedure for testing the shielding effectiveness of materials is proposed. It exploits a lab-scale anechoic shielded chamber, which is lightweight, compact, and cost-effective if compared to the available commercial solutions. The measurement procedure employs a vector network analyzer to allow an accurate and fast characterization setup. The chamber realization phases and the measurement procedure are described. The shielding capability of the chamber is measured up to 26 GHz, whereas the performance of commercial shielding coatings is tested to demonstrate the measurement’s effectiveness.

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Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radar Circuits for the Next Generation Contact-Less In-Cabin Detection

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Beneficial Effects of Self-Motion for the Continuous Phase Analysis of Ac-Coupled Doppler Radars

Beneficial Effects of Self-Motion for the Continuous Phase Analysis of Ac-Coupled Doppler Radars

Reliable Eye-Blinking Detection With Millimeter-Wave Radar Glasses

Development of a Simple Setup to Measure Shielding Effectiveness at Microwave Frequencies

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