Microwave acid baking of red mud for extraction of titanium and scandium values

Agrawal, Shrey; Dhawan, Nikhil

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105704

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As a result of acid baking, the material flow was volatilized in small amounts in the case of As(As2O3). In the acid baking experiment, arsenic exists in the form of arsenic acid in the solution, and in the case of Au and Ag, it exists in the form of AuO and Ag2O in the residue [12,26]. The acid-baked and roasted samples showed increases in Au and Ag (Figure 3b,c).…”

Section: Aqua Regia Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although gold is leached and extracted using a cyanide or non-cyanide solvent, with regard to roasting minerals, valuable metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb, which are contained in roasting minerals, are regarded as tailings [12]. The existence and value of these valuable metals have almost been ignored in the gold leaching process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, studies have been conducted on valuable metals such as arsenopyrite, enargite (Cu 3 AsS 4 ), tennantite (Cu 12 As 4 S 13 ), molybdenite (MoS 2 ), low grade nickel ores, spent catalyst, and nickel-containing laterite using acid baking-water leaching. The acid baking-water leaching process refers to a method of leaching valuable metals such as Cu [13], Fe [14], Zn [15], As [13], Co, Ni, Mn, Al [12], Mg, and Cr by mixing sulfide minerals with a concentrated sulfuric acid solution followed by heating, i.e., baking them in an electric furnace at a relatively low temperature, the range of which is 300 • C to 500 • C, for about four hours or longer, and then dissolving the baking products with 70 • C water [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

et al. 2021

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During the roasting of gold concentrate to improve gold recovery, arsenic is released into the air and valuable elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb are converted into oxide minerals. In this research, we evaluated the release of As and the loss of valuable metals during the acid baking and hot water leaching processes used for gold concentrate. The acid bake tests were conducted for gold concentrate using an electric furnace by applying various concentrations of H2SO4 solution under different baking times. The water leaching process was enacted using 70 °C water for the baked samples. Chemical and mineral compositions of the raw and treated samples were analyzed using AAS and XRD, respectively. The results show that soluble metal sulfates, such as rhomboclase and mikasite, were formed in the baked samples, and that the leaching of valuable metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) was accelerated during the hot water leaching procedure. During acid baking, arsenic was partially removed by volatilization, and the rest of the arsenic-containing minerals were converted to soluble minerals. The soluble arsenic-containing mineral resulted in a dissolution that was 60 times higher than in the roasted sample. The maximum gold grade of solid residues increased up to 33% through the acid baking–water leaching process. It was confirmed that acid baking with H2SO4 prevented As release into the air, as well as the recovery of valuable metals through hot water leaching, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb, which were formerly discarded in the tailings.

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Section: Aqua Regia Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, in traditional mineral resource metallurgy, the microwave sulfation process has been applied to treat red mud, and it shows that the sulfation agent H 2 SO 4 has excellent microwave susceptibility. 33 These studies inspire us to propose a method to selectively recover Li from NCM LIBs via a microwave sulfation and water leaching process. If lithium in the cathode material can be converted into Li 2 SO 4 in a shorter operation time via microwave sulfation roasting, the whole recovery process of lithium will be more efficient.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Sulfation Method for Lithium Recovery from Spent LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ Cathode Material: Process Intensification and Conversion Mechanism

Liang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The recovery rate of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is only about 50% by the conventional hydrometallurgical process in industry, which results in huge waste of lithium resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to selectively recover lithium from the cathode material of spent LIBs via microwave sulfation roasting. The thermodynamic predominant region diagram of the Li–Ni–Co–Mn–S–O system was drawn for the first time to analyze the rules of phase conversion in the sulfation roasting process. The effects of important variables on the leaching rate of Li were investigated by leaching experiments. Additionally, in situ X-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, etc. were employed to clarify the conversion mechanism of the microwave sulfation roasting process. The results show that after roasting with only a theoretical dosage of H2SO4 in a microwave at 550 °C for only 1 h, over 97% of Li is leached by water leaching, while only 2.9% Mn and trace Ni and Co are leached. Compared with the sulfation process using the conventional roasting method, microwave roasting has the advantages of a shorter operation time and a higher extraction rate of Li. This study provides a more efficient and low-carbon technology for the recycling of spent LIBs.

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“…CaO and TiO 2 were partially dissolved with the reaction. The dissolution rate of Fe, Ti and Ca metal substances increased with the intensi cation of ultrasonication(Agrawal et al 2021). The Na 2 O content in the red mud of the desulfurization process in Table…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Red Mud Desulfurization and External Field Action

Liu

Zhang

2022

Preprint

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To further enhance red mud desulfurization, this paper analyzes red mud desulfurization under the action of ball mills and ultrasonic external fields and studies the red mud desulfurization mechanism. In this study, experiments were conducted using a bottom-blow stirred reactor device. The results show that the suitable red mud slurry concentration is 10 g/L. The raw red mud desulfurization can reach 100% absorption in the first 25 min, and the absorption capacity decreases gradually with the reaction time. The red mud desulfurization is mainly due to the dissolution of free alkali and metal oxides in the red mud. Under the action of the external field of the ball mill, the red mud particles can be refined to prolong the desulfurization time. Under the action of the external field of ultrasonic waves, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate. Under the effect of an ultrasonic external field, the red mud slurry is dispersed more uniformly, which can accelerate the reaction rate and dissolve more metal substances in the liquid phase.

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Microwave acid baking of red mud for extraction of titanium and scandium values

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

Microwave-Assisted Sulfation Method for Lithium Recovery from Spent LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ Cathode Material: Process Intensification and Conversion Mechanism

Study of Red Mud Desulfurization and External Field Action

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Microwave acid baking of red mud for extraction of titanium and scandium values

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

Microwave-Assisted Sulfation Method for Lithium Recovery from Spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 Cathode Material: Process Intensification and Conversion Mechanism

Study of Red Mud Desulfurization and External Field Action

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Microwave-Assisted Sulfation Method for Lithium Recovery from Spent LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ Cathode Material: Process Intensification and Conversion Mechanism