Microwave Absorption Properties of Magnetite Particles Extracted from Nickel Slag

Yan, Pengze; Shen, Yongqian; Du, Xueyan; Chong, Junkai

doi:10.3390/ma13092162

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Hence, ball-milling operations can improve RL values and effectively expand bandwidth. The RL value for the sample milled for 3 h was close to that of the sample milled for 6 h, though it had a smaller particle size and higher defect density [39]. This finding was consistent with XRD characterization data, which indicated that samples milled for 3 and 6 h yielded the smallest crystal sizes.…”

Section: Microwave Absorbing Properties Of Fe3o4supporting

confidence: 83%

“…In this study, the variation of the average crystallite size is represented by the broadening of FWHM. The strain (ε) and the average crystallite size (DXRD), in the relationship with FWHM, were estimated using the Williamson-Hall method (Equation ( 1)) [39,45]:…”

Section: Characterization Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yan et al obtained magnetite particles (MPs) using the high-energy ball milling of oxidized nickel slag that possessed strong magnetic properties and hetero-interfaces formed by impurities. According to their results, magnetite crystals displayed outstanding microwave absorption properties [39]. At a thickness of 5 mm, the lowest reflection loss (RL) of the particles produced after 6 h of ball-milling was −34.0 dB at 16.72 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, Electromagnetic and Microwave Properties of Magnetite Extracted from Mill Scale Waste via Conventional Ball Milling and Mechanical Alloying Techniques

et al. 2021

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This study presents the utilization of mill scale waste, which has attracted much attention due to its high content of magnetite (Fe3O4). This work focuses on the extraction of Fe3O4 from mill scale waste via magnetic separation, and ball milling was used to fabricate a microwave absorber. The extracted magnetic powder was ground-milled using two different techniques: (i) a conventional milling technique (CM) and (ii) mechanical alloying (MM) process. The Fe3O4/CM samples were prepared by a conventional milling process using steel pot ball milling, while the Fe3O4/MM samples were prepared using a high-energy ball milling (HEBM) method. The effect of milling time on the structural, phase composition, and electromagnetic properties were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD confirmed the formation of magnetite after both the magnetic separation and milling processes. The results revealed that Fe3O4 exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties because of the synergistic characteristics of its dielectric and magnetic loss. The results showed that the Fe3O4/CM particle powder had a greater absorption power (reflection loss: <−10 dB) with 99.9% absorption, a minimum reflection loss of −30.83 dB, and an effective bandwidth of 2.30 GHz for 2 mm thick samples. The results revealed the Fe3O4/MM powders had higher absorption properties, including a higher RL of −20.59 dB and a broader bandwidth of 2.43 GHz at a matching thickness of only 1 mm. The higher microwave absorption performance was attributed to the better impedance matching property caused by the porous microstructure. Furthermore, the magnetite, Fe3O4 showed superior microwave absorption characteristics because of the lower value of permittivity, which resulted in better impedance matching. This study presents a low-cost approach method by reutilizing mill scale waste to fabricate a high purity crystalline Fe3O4 with the best potential for designing magnetic nano-sized based microwave absorbers.

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Section: Microwave Absorbing Properties Of Fe3o4supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Characterization Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, Electromagnetic and Microwave Properties of Magnetite Extracted from Mill Scale Waste via Conventional Ball Milling and Mechanical Alloying Techniques

et al. 2021

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“…Meanwhile, the effective frequency range can also be expanded to other wavebands by changing the thickness of the absorbing layer to enrich application scenarios. Table 2 compares the absorbing properties with Fe-based materials and other magnetic materials [18][19][20][21]33,34]. Obviously, both Fe@C-12 and Fe 3 O 4 @C-700 showed absolute advantages in performance.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Microwave Absorption Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Preparation of Fe3O4@RF and Its Evolution to Yolk–Shell-Structured Fe@C Composite Microspheres with High Microwave Absorbing Performance

Xue¹,

Lou²,

Yang³

2022

Coatings

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Fe3O4@RF microspheres with different phenolic (RF) layer thicknesses are prepared by adjusting the polymerization time. With the prepared Fe3O4@RF as the precursor, Fe@C composite microspheres with rattle-like morphology are obtained through one-step controlled carbonization. This method simplifies the preparation of rattle-shaped microspheres from sandwich microspheres. Fe@C microspheres exhibit excellent microwave absorbing properties. The morphology and composition of the product are investigated depending on the effects of carbonization temperature, time and thickness of the RF layer. When the carbonization temperature is 700 °C, the carbonization time is 12 h and the polymer shell thickness is 62 nm, the inner hollow Fe3O4 is completely reduced to Fe. The absorption properties of the materials are compared before and after the reduction of Fe3O4. Both Fe@C-12 and Fe3O4@C-700 show excellent absorbing properties. When the filler content is 50%, the maximum reflection loss (RLmax) of the rattle-shaped Fe@C microspheres is −50.15 dB, and the corresponding matching thickness is 3.5 mm. At a thickness of 1.7 mm, the RLmax of Fe3O4@C-700 is −44.42 dB, which is slightly worse than that of Fe@C-12. Both dielectric loss and magnetic loss play a vital role in electromagnetic wave absorption. This work prepares rattle-shaped absorbing materials in a simple way, which has significance for guiding the construction of rattle-shaped materials.

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“…Nickel slag (NS) is a waste product from the nickel industry, which can be incorporated with other natural resources to enhance specific characteristics for various applications . The high magnetite content of NS is the primary reason for its use in the absorption of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions, sensors, batteries, alkaline activations, and shielding . Fayalite is a perovskite-type material that can be extracted from NS with useful properties, such as ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and superconductivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Slag/Laterite Soil and Nickel Slag/Iron Sand Nanocomposites: Structural, Optical, and Electromagnetic Absorption Properties

et al. 2023

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Efforts to produce microwave absorber materials that are inexpensive and environmentally friendly have become a means of greening the environment. The breakthrough can be focused on industrial waste and natural materials for functional purposes and how to enhance their performance. We successfully synthesized nickel slag/laterite soil (NS/LS) and nickel slag/iron sand (NS/IS) nanocomposites using a simple mechanical alloying technique, and the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption capacities of the nanocomposites were measured using a vector network analyzer. The structural properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, where the results of the analysis showed that NS/IS has the largest crystallite size (15.69 nm) and the highest EM wave absorption performance. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were determined from their Fourier transform infrared spectra using the Kramers–Kronig relation. As determined through a quantitative analysis of the optical properties, the distance between the longitudinal and transversal optical phonon wavenumber positions (Δ(LO – TO) = 65 cm–1) is inversely proportional to the reflection loss. The surface morphologies of the nanocomposites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the particle diameters were observed by binary image and Gaussian distribution analyses. The nanocomposite surface exhibits a graded-like morphology, which indicates multiple reflections of the EM radiation, consequently reducing the EM interference. The best nanocomposite for an attenuated EM wave achieved a reflection loss of −39.14 dB at 5–8 GHz. A low penetration depth has implications for the electrical charge tuning of the storage and composite magnets. Finally, the EM absorption properties of NS/IS and NS/LS indicate a 2-mm-thick environmentally friendly nanocomposite for EM absorption.

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Microwave Absorption Properties of Magnetite Particles Extracted from Nickel Slag

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Structural, Electromagnetic and Microwave Properties of Magnetite Extracted from Mill Scale Waste via Conventional Ball Milling and Mechanical Alloying Techniques

Structural, Electromagnetic and Microwave Properties of Magnetite Extracted from Mill Scale Waste via Conventional Ball Milling and Mechanical Alloying Techniques

Controllable Preparation of Fe3O4@RF and Its Evolution to Yolk–Shell-Structured Fe@C Composite Microspheres with High Microwave Absorbing Performance

Nickel Slag/Laterite Soil and Nickel Slag/Iron Sand Nanocomposites: Structural, Optical, and Electromagnetic Absorption Properties

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