Microvasculature of the mouse eye: Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts

Ninomiya, Hiroyoshi; Inomata, Tomo

doi:10.1016/j.jeas.2006.05.002

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our observations are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. 2,15,26,34,35,47,49 For examples, the arteries tend to have 'Y-shape' branches with arms of equal diameter at the equator and at the periphery of the retina as in human retina. Below we describe some selected observations, which are relevant to the network model development.…”

Section: Images and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the electron scanning microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and the confocal microscopy have been used in such studies and have yielded more detailed information. 34,35 These investigations have enabled a good understanding of the retinal vasculature. The retinal vessels, as an end arterial system, branch out from the central retinal artery splitting into arterioles and arteries extending outward from the optic disc, exhibiting the dichotomous (tree-like) branching pattern and side arm branching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Image-Based Network Model of Retinal Vasculature

Ganesan

2010

Ann Biomed Eng

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The paper presents an image-based network model of retinal vasculature taking account of the 3D vascular distribution of the retina. Mouse retinas were prepared using flat-mount technique and vascular images were obtained using confocal microscopy. The vascular morphometric information obtained from confocal images was used for the model development. The network model developed directly represents the vascular geometry of all the large vessels of the arteriolar and venular trees and models the capillaries using uniformly distributed meshes. The vasculatures in different layers of the retina, namely the superficial, intermediate, and deep layer, were modeled separately in the network and were linked through connecting vessels. The branching data of the vasculatures was recorded using the method of connectivity matrix of network (the graph theory). Such an approach is able to take into account the detailed vasculature of individual retinas concerned. Using the network model developed, a circulation analysis based on Poiseuille's equation was carried out. The investigations produced predictions of spatial distribution of the pressure, flow, and wall shear stress in the entire retinal vasculature. The method developed can be used as a tool for continuous monitoring of the retinal circulation for clinical assessments as well as experimental studies.

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Section: Images and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Image-Based Network Model of Retinal Vasculature

Ganesan

2010

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…In the previous studies, the choroidal vasculature was observed in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and other wild-type animals having melanocytes (Bhutto and Amemiya, 2001;Ninomiya and Inomata, 2006). In 3-dimensional views, the micro-CT observations of normal choroids with melanocytes in this study turn out to show similar choroidal blood vessel images obtained with other methods, such as SEM, which several studies have reported (Ninomiya and Inomata, 2006). In micro-CT images, the inferior branched blood vessels look not well developed in Mitf mi-bw homozygous melanocyte-deficient mice (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Melanocytes contribute to the vasculature of the choroid

et al. 2018

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Melanocytes develop from the vertebrate embryo-specific neural crest, migrate, and localize in various organs, including not only the skin but also several extracutaneous locations such as the heart, inner ear and choroid. Little is known about the functions of extracutaneous melanocytes except for cochlear melanocytes, which are essential for hearing ability. In this study, we focused on the structure of the choroid, in which melanocytes are abundant around the well-developed blood vascular system. By comparing structural differences in the choroid of wild-type and melanocyte-deficient

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“…Prior studies of aqueous drainage structures, lymphatics and blood vessels in the mouse limbus region adopted methods of cross-sectional histology (Chang et al, 2001; Smith et al, 2000), whole mount immunostaining (Chan et al, 2004) and vascular corrosion casts (Ninomiya and Inomata, 2006), but results were variable (Chang et al, 2001; Smith et al, 2000). The organization of these structures at the limbus is hard to capture because of their complex branching and intermingled configuration.…”

Section: Trans-scleral Deep Tissue Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organization of these structures at the limbus is hard to capture because of their complex branching and intermingled configuration. Moreover the structures extend across the scleral depth from a convex-shaped ocular surface, making it best to define them 3-dimensionally but more conventional histological methods used in previous studies were better suited to 2D capture, with the exception of the corrosion casts of Ninomiya and Inomata (2006). Studies in humans have tried to capture 3D aspects of the aqueous drainage system (Ashton, 1951, 1952; Ashton and Smith, 1953).…”

Section: Trans-scleral Deep Tissue Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward in vivo two-photon analysis of mouse aqueous outflow structure and function

González

Masedunskas

et al. 2017

Experimental Eye Research

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The promise of revolutionary insights into intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humor outflow homeostasis, IOP pathogenesis, and novel therapy offered by engineered mouse models has been hindered by a lack of appropriate tools for studying the aqueous drainage tissues in their original 3-dimensional (3D) environment. Advances in 2-photon excitation fluorescence imaging (TPEF) combined with availability of modalities such as transgenic reporter mice and intravital dyes have placed us on the cusp of unlocking the potential of the mouse model for unearthing insights into aqueous drainage structure and function. Multimodality 2-photon imaging permits high-resolution visualization not only of tissue structural organization but also cells and cellular function. It is possible to dig deeper into understanding the cellular basis of aqueous outflow regulation as the technique integrates analysis of tissue structure, cell biology and physiology in a way that could also lead to fresh insights into human glaucoma. We outline recent novel applications of two-photon imaging to analyze the mouse conventional drainage system in vivo or in whole tissues: (1) collagen second harmonic generation (SHG) identifies the locations of episcleral vessels, intrascleral plexuses, collector channels, and Schlemm’s canal in the distal aqueous drainage tract; (2) the prospero homeobox protein 1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter helps locate the inner wall of Schlemm’s canal; (3) Calcein AM, siGLO™, the fluorescent reporters m-Tomato and GFP, and coherent anti-Stokes scattering (CARS), are adjuncts to TPEF to identify live cells by their membrane or cytosolic locations; (4) autofluorescence and sulforhodamine-B to identify elastic fibers in the living eye. These tools greatly expand our options for analyzing physiological and pathological processes in the aqueous drainage tissues of live mice as a model of the analogous human system.

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Microvasculature of the mouse eye: Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Development of an Image-Based Network Model of Retinal Vasculature

Development of an Image-Based Network Model of Retinal Vasculature

Melanocytes contribute to the vasculature of the choroid

Toward in vivo two-photon analysis of mouse aqueous outflow structure and function

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