Microvascular Network and Its Endothelial Cells in the Human Iris

Yang, Hongfang; Yu, Paula K.; Cringle, Stephen J.; Sun, Xinghuai; Yu, Dao Yi

doi:10.1080/02713683.2017.1379544

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The iris vasculature is characterized by abundant arterio-venous anastomoses, and supply nutrients to the anterior chamber of the eye, including the avascular trabecular meshwork, cornea, and lens. Furthermore, the iris vascular network represents a major source of oxygen in the aqueous humor [ 1 ]. During embryonic development and in adult life, angiogenesis processes lead to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy

et al. 2020

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Proliferative retinopathies (PR) lead to an increase in neovascularization and inflammation factors, at times culminating in pathologic rubeosis iridis (RI). In mice, uveal puncture combined with injection of hypoxia-conditioned media mimics RI associated with proliferative retinopathies. Here, we investigated the effects of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) antagonist—UPARANT—on the angiogenic and inflammatory processes that are dysregulated in this model. In addition, the effects of UPARANT were compared with those of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. Administration of UPARANT promptly decreased iris vasculature, while anti-VEGF effects were slower and less pronounced. Immunoblot and qPCR analysis suggested that UPARANT acts predominantly by reducing the upregulated inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation responses. UPARANT appears to be more effective in comparison to anti-VEGF in the treatment of RI associated with PR in the murine model, by modulating multiple uPAR-associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, UPARANT effectiveness was maintained when systemically administered, which could open to novel improved therapies for proliferative ocular diseases, particularly those associated with PR. Key messages • Further evidence of UPARANT effectiveness in normalizing pathological iris neovascularization. • Both systemic and local administration of UPARANT reduce iris neovascularization in a model associated with proliferative retinopathies. • In the mouse models of rubeosis iridis associated with proliferative retinopathy, UPARANT displays stronger effects when compared with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy

et al. 2020

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“…Secondly, the blood of the retina are mainly distributed in the inner layer of the retina. The inner layer of the retina is closely connected to the outer layer, but the iris stroma is a sponge like characteristic [27]. Therefore, we speculate that when central vein occlusion or hyperglycemia leads to insu cient intraocular microcirculation perfusion, iris vessels are more likely to dilate than retinal vessel, and then the iris vessels were the rst to change in OCTA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Quantitative Analysis and Clinical Application of Iris Circulation in Ischemic Retinal Disease

Jia

Xue

Tong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: To evaluate quantitative changes of iris blood circulation in patients with ischemic risk.Methods: A clinical case series study. Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were included in this study. RVO affected eyes, RVO contralateral, and healthy control eyes were compared. We also compared eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the contralateral eye without PDR (NPDR), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR (NDR), and healthy control eyes. The microvascular networks of the iris and retina were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The analysis included vessel area density (VAD) and vessel skeleton density(VSD) of iris and retina.Results: In RVO group, the VAD and VSD of iris in the affected eye were higher than those in contralateral and healthy control, and the VAD and VSD of contralateral eyes were higher than those of healthy control. The retinal blood flow of RVO eye was less than the contralateral and healthy control eyes, but there were no difference between the contralateral eyes and healthy control eyes. The VAD and VSD of iris in PDR were larger than NPDR, and the NPDR were larger than NDR. There were no differences between NDR and healthy control eyes. Also, there were no difference among the four groups in retinal blood flow. Conclusions: Compared with the retina, iris blood circulation quantitative analysis data are more sensitive to ischemia and may be used as a new predictor of ischemic disease.Trial registration: The trial is registered with the clinical trial registration number nct03631108.

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“…Second, the blood flow in the retina is mainly distributed in the inner layer of the retina. The inner layer of the retina is closely connected to the outer layer, but the iris stroma is a sponge like characteristic [ 27 ]. Therefore, we speculate that when central vein occlusion or hyperglycemia leads to insufficient intraocular microcirculation perfusion, iris vessels are more likely to dilate than retinal vessel and that the iris vessels were the first to change in OCTA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis and clinical application of iris circulation in ischemic retinal disease

et al. 2021

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Background To evaluate quantitative changes in iris blood circulation in patients with ischemic risk. Methods This observational case-control study included 79 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The RVO group included 21 patients; the monocular proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group included 19 patients; the nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR) group included 18 patients; and the healthy control group included 21 healthy controls. In the RVO group, we analyzed RVO affected eyes, RVO contralateral eyes, and healthy control eyes. We also compared eyes with PDR and contralateral eyes without PDR, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR, and healthy control eyes. The microvascular networks of the iris and retina were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography. The analysis included vessel area density (VAD) and vessel skeleton density (VSD) of iris and retina. Results In the RVO group, the VAD and VSD of iris in the affected eye were higher than those in contralateral and healthy control eyes, and the VAD and VSD of contralateral eyes were higher than those of healthy control eyes. The retinal blood flow of the RVO eyes was less than that of the contralateral and healthy control eyes, but there were no difference between the contralateral eyes and healthy control eyes. The VAD and VSD of iris in PDR were larger than nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and the NPDR were larger than NDR. There were no differences between NDR and healthy control eyes. Also, there were no differences among the four groups with respect to retinal blood flow. Conclusions Compared with the retina, iris blood circulation quantitative analysis data seem to be more sensitive to ischemia and may be used as a new predictor of ischemic disease, even if further research is needed to better understand the clinical value and importance of this analysis. Trial registration The trial is registered with the clinical trial registration number nct03631108.

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Microvascular Network and Its Endothelial Cells in the Human Iris

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy

Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy

Quantitative Analysis and Clinical Application of Iris Circulation in Ischemic Retinal Disease

Quantitative analysis and clinical application of iris circulation in ischemic retinal disease

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