Microvascular complications and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dessie town hospitals, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder which becomes common in middle and low incomes countries since few decades. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy all of which can lead to disability, dependency, accelerate their morbidity, and mortality. In Ethiopia, there is paucity data regarding this topic. Hence, this study aimed to assess prevalence of microvascular complications and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 at Dessie town hospitals. We used simple random sampling to recruit study participants and pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire to collect the data. Data was entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS-23 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done to select potential variables to be adjusted at p ≤ 0.25. After running multivariable regression, variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared as statistically significant. Results Three hundred and thirty-five type 2 DM patients participated in the study, of which 54.6% were males. One hundred and twenty-seven [37.9% (95% CI 32.5%–43.3%)] of diabetes mellitus had at least one microvascular complications. These were retinopathy 24.8%, nephropathy 16.1%, and neuropathy 8.1%. Age 60–87 years (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.46), duration of diabetes > 5 years (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI 2.40–6.96), mellitus and co-morbid hypertension (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI 2.09–5.95), were statistically significant. Conclusions In this study, diabetic microvascular complications are prevalent. Increasing the age of participants, longer duration of diabetes mellitus and co-morbid hypertension were independent predictors. Health workers should give emphasis for diabetes mellitus through early screening and health education, abrupt medication for aged patients with long duration of diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and also early detection and management of microvascular complication.

Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio to Predict Diabetic Retinopathy: The Eyes Have It!

“…In the present study, although reduced eGFR was seen to be associated with DR on univariate analysis, this association was not evident on multivariate analysis. This is similar to the findings from other studies [ 26 ].…”

Predictors of blood glucose change and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Felege Hiwot and Debre Markos referral hospital, North West Ethiopia

“…T2DM patients with hypertension comorbidity had lower survival experiences than non-hypertensive diabetes. This is similar to findings from Mettu, Ethiopia [ 17 ], Dessie, Ethiopia [ 28 ], and China [ 26 ]. The possible justification is that hypertension has a direct effect on retinal endothelial cells and function that causes cell growth and vasoconstriction, which eventually predisposes patients to microvascular complications [ 41 ].…”

“…However, this finding is higher than studies in Gondar, Ethiopia, 20.4% [ 13 ]. On the other hand, this result is lower than Metu, Ethiopia, 38.5% [ 17 ]; Gurage, Ethiopia, 61% [ 15 ]; India 69% [ 25 ]; China 57.5% [ 26 ]; Dessie, Ethiopia, 37.9% [ 28 ]. The difference might be related to sample size, follow-up time, patient’s adherence to medication, and practice of life style recommendations.…”

“…The predictors of microvascular complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were residence, gender, age, marital status, family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, weight, glycemic control, medication, and adherence to diet [ 14 , 15 , 25 – 28 ]. Yet, previous studies did not assess the influence of high-density lipoprotein C, low-density lipoprotein C, and Triglyceride-C on the predictors of microvascular complications [ 14 , 15 , 25 – 28 ]. Besides, there is no evidence on how these factors are associated with microvascular complications and changes in FBS by using a joint modelling approach.…”

Nonlinear Relationship Between AST-to-ALT Ratio and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Follow-Up Study

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disorder and is one of the major public health concern worldwide. 1 Type 2 DM (T2DM) accounts for almost 90% of DM cases, 2 and can affect an individual's quality of life, multiple organs, and physiological systems, resulting in numerous morbidities and even premature death. 3 The etiology of T2DM involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, as well as complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.…”