Microvascular assessment of macula, choroid, and optic disk in children with unilateral amblyopia using OCT angiography

Huang, Libin; Ding, Luxin; Zheng, Weidong

doi:10.1007/s10792-022-02376-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The study by Huang et al [ 24 ] showed that the choroidal capillary flow area was higher in amblyopic eyes than in both fellow eyes and control eyes, similar to our findings. Terada’s [ 8 ] study found an increase in vascular perfusion area in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes, which was also similar to the findings in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Choroid vascular changes in hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia using SS-OCTA

Cao,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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Purpose To observe and understand the structural changes in choroidal vessels in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods A total of 44 patients were enrolled in this study: 22 children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 22 age-matched controls. SS-OCTA was used to scan the 6*6 mm macular area of their eyes. The average choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal capillary flow area (CC) in a 3 mm diameter area centered on the macular area were obtained. The choroidal vascularity volume (CVV) was automatically extracted and 3D reconstructed by inbuild software, and the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI) was calculated. The effect of amblyopia on the choroidal vessel structure was assessed using generalized linear estimating equations (GEEs) corrected for axial length, sex, age, and best-corrected visual acuity. Results The CC was greater in amblyopic eyes than in fellow eyes (P = 0.014) but was not significantly different from that in control eyes (P = 0.963). After correcting for sex, age, axial length, and visual acuity using GEEs, the mean CT in the amblyopic eyes was greater than that in the fellow eyes (P = 0.030) but was not significantly different from that in the control eyes (P = 0.160). The 3D-CVI in amblyopic eyes was higher than that in control eyes (P = 0.038) but was not significantly different from that in fellow eyes (P = 0.407). The three-dimensional choroidal vascularity volume (3D-CVV) was higher in amblyopic eyes than in fellow eyes (P = 0.046) and control eyes (P = 0.023). Conclusions We found that eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia demonstrated higher CT, CC and 3D-CVV values than the contralateral eyes after correction, while the 3D-CVI was unchanged. Compared with control eyes, amblyopic eyes had higher 3D-CVV and 3D-CVI values but similar CT and CC values. Amblyopic eyes may have different choroidal vascular structures from fellow and control eyes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Choroid vascular changes in hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia using SS-OCTA

Cao,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…But most studies concluded that the choroidal blood flow in patients with high hyperopia is lower than that in normal children. Huang et al ( 48 ) found the choriocapillaris flow void (FV) in the amblyopic group was greater than that in the age- and sex-matched heathy control group and concluded that children with amblyopic eyes have attenuated macular and choriocapillaris perfusion. There are other studies reported that both the amblyopic and the fellow eyes also had lower CVI values than control eyes ( 49 – 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion in Chinese preschool-age anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia children

Wang

Hua

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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PurposeTo determine the macular and peripapillary area choroid microstructure parameters of hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia eyes and compare to fellow and age-matched control eyes. To assess the correlation between the axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (CT) and choroid microstructure parameters.MethodsThis cross-sectional comparative, non-interventional study involved 52 hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia children and 48 age-matched heathy controls. 52 eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 48 age-matched control eyes were studied. The peripapillary and subfoveal CT were determined. The total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), and stromal area (SA) of the subfoveal and peripapillary choroid were measured. In addition, the correlation between the AL, CT and choroid microstructure parameters were calculated.ResultsThe peripapillary and subfoveal CT of the amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker than the fellow and control eyes (all P < 0.05). The subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal SA, LA and TCA of the amblyopic eyes were significantly increased than that of the fellow and control eyes (all P < 0.05). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) values of the amblyopic eye were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between AL and subfoveal CT (SFCT), LA and TCA levels (P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.027, respectively). Spherical equivalent (SE) was positive correlated with SFCT, LA and TCA levels (P = 0.456, 0.229 and 0.240, respectively; all P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between SFCT, SE, LA, SA, TCA and CVI levels (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe subfoveal and peripapillary CT of amblyopic children abnormally increased and correlated with shorter AL and higher SE. The choroidal structure of the amblyopic eyes was different from the fellow and control eyes, the hyperopic anisometropic amblyopic eyes had significantly thicker sub-foveal choroid, higher LA, SA, and TCA. AL and CT affect choroidal structure and vascular density. Choroidal blood flow may be increased in amblyopic eyes. The larger LA, SA, TCA, and lower CVI were characteristic of the amblyopic eye.

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“…These studies have shown that children with amblyopic eyes have attenuated macular and choriocapillaris perfusion, which can lead to reduced vision. 12 On the other hand, a meta-analysis showed that the microvascular density in the parafovea was lower in amblyopic eyes compared to healthy control eyes, but no significant difference was found in the microvascular density, foveal avascular zone area, or foveal thickness between amblyopic eyes and healthy control eyes. 13 Although these insights into retinal structural changes in amblyopic eyes are valuable, it remains unclear how the overall retinal vasculature is altered in amblyopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Retinal Vascular Density and Skeleton Length in Amblyopia

Su,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between retinal vascular abnormalities and amblyopia by analyzing vascular structures of fundus images. Methods:In this observational study, retinal fundus images were collected from 36 patients with unilateral amblyopia, 33 patients with bilateral amblyopia, and 36 healthy control volunteers. We developed a customized training algorithm based on U-Net to digitalize the vasculature in the fundus images to quantify vascular density (area and fractal dimension), skeleton length, and number of bifurcation points. For statistical comparisons, this study divided participants into two groups. The amblyopic eyes and the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral amblyopia formed the paired group, while bilateral amblyopic patients and healthy controls formed the independent group. Results:In the paired group, the vascular area (P = 0.007), vascular fractal dimension (P = 0.007), and vascular skeleton length (P = 0.002) of the amblyopic eyes were significantly smaller than those of the fellow eyes. In the independent group, significant decreases in the vascular fractal dimension (P = 0.006) and skeleton length (P = 0.048) were observed in bilateral amblyopia compared to control. The vascular area was also significantly correlated with best-corrected visual acuity in amblyopic eyes. Conclusions:This study demonstrated that retinal vascular density and skeleton length in amblyopic eyes were significantly smaller compared to control, indicating an association between the changes in retinal vascular features and the state of amblyopia.Translational Relevance: Our algorithm presents amblyopic retinal vascular changes that are more biologically interpretable for both clinicians and researchers.

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Microvascular assessment of macula, choroid, and optic disk in children with unilateral amblyopia using OCT angiography

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Choroid vascular changes in hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia using SS-OCTA

Choroid vascular changes in hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia using SS-OCTA

Assessment of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion in Chinese preschool-age anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia children

Reduced Retinal Vascular Density and Skeleton Length in Amblyopia

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