Microtubules and microfilaments are both responsible for pollen tube elongation in the coniferPicea abies (Norway spruce)

Anderhag, Po; Hepler, P. K.; Lazzaro, Me Do

doi:10.1007/bf01279059

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…MTs are known to play an important role in regulating directionality and stability of apical growth (Bibikova et al, 1999). MT inhibitors partially block gymnosperm pollen germination and growth, producing swollen apices (Anderhag et al, 2000) similar to that which we observed when zygotes were continuously incubated with nocodazole and reported earlier in response to the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol (Kropf et al, 1990). MTs may therefore have an important role in directing and shaping rhizoid growth.…”

Section: What Is the Role Of The Cortical Mt Array?supporting

confidence: 88%

Spatial re-organisation of cortical microtubules in vivo during polarisation and asymmetric division ofFucuszygotes

Corellou

Coelho

Bouget

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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IntroductionMicrotubules perform a variety of essential functions within the cell. The mitotic spindle supports chromosome segregation and determines the position of cleavage in animals (Ahringer, 2003). This array is focused at centrosomes in animals although other non-centrosomal arrays exist that are mostly involved in polarised morphologies of specialised animal cells (Keating and Borisy, 1999). In animals, cortical microtubule (MT) arrays have been described only in very specific cases, such as starfish or Xenopus oocytes and zebrafish zygotes, where they are involved in the establishment of the dorsoventral axis (Jesuthasan and Stahle, 1997;Schroeder and Gard, 1992;Schroeder and Otto, 1984).By contrast, cortical MTs are a common feature of vegetative plant cells, in which they play a key role in shaping the cell by directing deposition of cellulose microfibrils (Mfs) in the cell wall and thereby cell growth (Lloyd and Chan, 2004). In plants the interphase MT array in G1 consists of cortical MTs linked to the plasmalemma and is replaced in G2 by the pre-prophase band cortical array that marks the position of the division plane. This array disappears in late prophase and is followed in succession by the mitotic apparatus and the phragmoplast. The perinuclear MT array is in continuity with the cortical array although it is still not clear whether cortical MTs arise from the translocation of perinuclear MTs or are nucleated de novo at cortical sites or both since there is evidence for both mechanisms (Burk and Ye, 2002;Cyr and Palevitz, 1995;Shaw et al., 2003).Rather less is known about MT distributions in zygotes and embryos of higher plants, owing to their general inaccessibility for direct study. Zygotes of fucoid algae (Fucus, Silvetia) have long served as a cellular model to study fertilisation, polarisation and cell division. Oospheres are initially spherical with no detectable polarity (Jaffe, 1958). After fertilisation (AF) Fucus zygotes deposit a cell wall within minutes and establish an axis of polarity in response to external cues (such as unidirectional light) that becomes fixed in space (14-18 hours AF) and leads to the germination of a rhizoid at the side facing away from the incident light (16-20 hours AF) (Henry et al., 1996;Love et al., 1997;Novotny and Forman, 1974). Concomitantly zygotes progress through the first cell cycle and divide perpendicularly to the growth axis (Corellou et al., 2001). The first asymmetrical division gives rise to the rhizoid and thallus cells with distinct developmental fates . The rhizoid remains the only site of growth of the embryos during several rounds of division. The primary division planes in the rhizoid are oriented transverse to the polar axis whereas the first thallus cell 2723Fucus zygotes polarise and germinate a rhizoid before their first asymmetrical division. The role of microtubules (MTs) in orienting the first division plane has been extensively studied by immunofluorescence approaches. In the present study, the re-organisation of MT arrays during...

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Section: What Is the Role Of The Cortical Mt Array?supporting

confidence: 88%

Spatial re-organisation of cortical microtubules in vivo during polarisation and asymmetric division ofFucuszygotes

Corellou

Coelho

Bouget

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Hypotonic challenge induces rapid swelling in the apical 50 lm region while the diameter of the distal tube remains unaffected (Zonia et al, 2002Munnik, 2004, 2007). This effect is not simply due to cell wall properties, as disruption of either pectin, cellulose synthesis, actin, or microtubules induces swelling confined to the apical region in Solanum, conifer, lily, and Papaver pollen tubes (Anderhag et al, 2000;Geitmann et al, 2000;Vidali et al, 2001;Lazzaro et al, 2003;Parre and Geitmann, 2005). The entire apical region spanning from the tip to 50 lm distal to the tip can undergo essentially immediate volume increases of up to 59% greater than normal before the increased hydrostatic pressure induces rupture of the cell wall and bursting in tobacco pollen tubes (Zonia et al, 2002).…”

Section: Cell Hydrodynamics Cell Morphology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal integration of signalling networks regulating pollen tube growth

Zonia

2010

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The overall function of a cell is determined by its contingent of active signal transduction cascades interacting on multiple levels with metabolic pathways, cytoskeletal organization, and regulation of gene expression. Much work has been devoted to analysis of individual signalling cascades interacting with unique cellular targets. However, little is known about how cells integrate information across hierarchical signalling networks. Recent work on pollen tube growth indicates that several key signalling cascades respond to changes in cell hydrodynamics and apical volume. Combined with known effects on cytoarchitecture and signalling from other cell systems, hydrodynamics has the potential to integrate and synchronize the function of the broader signalling network in pollen tubes. This review will explore recent work on cell hydrodynamics in a variety of systems including pollen, and discuss hydrodynamic regulation of cell signalling and function including exocytosis and endocytosis, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell wall deposition and assembly, phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate signalling, ion flux, small G-proteins, fertilization, and self-incompatibility. The combined data support a newly emerging model of pollen tube growth.

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“…Moreover, organelles isolated from tobacco pollen tubes have been shown to be capable of translocating along in vitro assembled microtubules, leading to the suggestion that microtubules could be used for short-range transport in pollen tubes (Romagnoli et al, 2003). Furthermore, in gymnosperm pollen tubes, microtubules apparently coordinate with the actin cytoskeleton and profoundly affect gymnosperm pollen tube growth and its cytoplasmic streaming pattern at the tube tip, which is characteristically distinct from that in angiosperm pollen tubes (Anderhag et al, 2000;Justus et al, 2004).…”

Section: Organization Of Organelles In the Polarized Pollen Tube Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional compartmentalization in pollen tubes

Cheung

2006

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Eukaryotic cellular functions are achieved by concerted activities in the cytosol and functions compartmentalized in the nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Moreover, the cytosol and nucleoplasm are populated with mega molecular ensembles that are specialized for different metabolic and biochemical processes. Pollen tubes are unique plant cells with a dramatic growth polarity. Tube growth is restricted to the tip and is supported by a polarized cytoplasmic organization. The apical region of elongating pollen tubes is a domain occupied exclusively by transport vesicles to support the secretion and endocytic activity needed for the rapid cell expansion at the apex. Larger organelles are predominantly segregated to the cytoplasm distal to the subapical region. Underlying the organelle compartmentalization is an elaborate actin cytoskeleton with distinct structural and dynamics properties at the tip, in the subapical region, and in the cytoplasm subtending it. Cytoplasmic domains with differential ionic conditions and spatially restricted localization of molecules in pollen tubes may also be important for regulating the polar cell growth process. The polarized cellular organization in pollen tubes drives an extremely efficient cell growth process that is responsive to extracellular signals, including directional cues. It may be an amplified framework of the cytoplasmic architecture that supports growth in other plant cell types that involves considerably more subtle and transient differential cell expansion.

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Microtubules and microfilaments are both responsible for pollen tube elongation in the coniferPicea abies (Norway spruce)

Cited by 62 publications

References 57 publications

Spatial re-organisation of cortical microtubules in vivo during polarisation and asymmetric division ofFucuszygotes

Spatial re-organisation of cortical microtubules in vivo during polarisation and asymmetric division ofFucuszygotes

Spatial and temporal integration of signalling networks regulating pollen tube growth

Structural and functional compartmentalization in pollen tubes

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