MicrotoxTM response to volatile organic pollutants — implementation of the test in investigating accidental or deliberate watersupply pollution

Canna-Michaelidou, Stella

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80103-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This study has shown that the genetic marking of the soil bacterium P. fluorescens with lux genes has provided a bioassay system that is sensitive to xenobiotic contaminants commonly found in environmental matrices [12,16–18]. The assay was developed using benzene, catechol, and phenol as test compounds, because they are all part of the same biodegradation and catabolic pathways for terrestrial microorganisms [9,13,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

Boyd

Meharg²,

Wright³

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A bacterial bioassay has been developed to assess the relative toxicities of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soils, river waters, and ground waters. The assay utilized decline in luminescence of lux‐marked Pseudomonas fluorescens on exposure to xenobiotics. Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common bacterium in the terrestrial environment, providing environmental relevance to soil, river, and ground water systems. Three principal environmental contaminants associated with benzene degradation were exposed to the luminescence‐marked bacterial biosensor to assess their toxicity individually and in combination. Median effective concentration (EC50) values for decline in luminescence were determined for benzene, catechol, and phenol and were found to be 39.9, 0.77, and 458.6 mg/L, respectively. Catechol, a fungal and bacterial metabolite of benzene, was found to be significantly more toxic to the biosensor than was the parent compound benzene, showing that products of xenobiotic biodegradation may be more toxic than the parent compounds. Combinations of parent compounds and metabolites were found to be significantly more toxic to the bioassay than were the individual compounds themselves. Development of this bioassay has provided a rapid screening system suitable for assessing the toxicity of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soil, river, and ground‐water environments. The assay can be utilized over a wide pH range and is therefore more applicable to such environmental systems than bioluminescence‐based bioassays that utilize marine organisms and can only be applied over a limited pH and salinity range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

Boyd

Meharg²,

Wright³

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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show abstract

“…This study has shown that the genetic marking of the soil bacterium P. fluorescens with lux genes has provided a bioassay system that is sensitive to xenobiotic contaminants commonly found in environmental matrices [12,[16][17][18]. The assay was developed using benzene, catechol, and phenol as test compounds, because they are all part of the same biodegradation and catabolic pathways for terrestrial microorganisms [9,13,19].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Individual Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASSESSMENT OF TOXICOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF BENZENE AND ITS PRIMARY DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (CATECHOL AND PHENOL) USING A lux-MODIFIED BACTERIAL BIOASSAY

Boyd¹,

Meharg²,

Wright³

et al. 1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-A bacterial bioassay has been developed to assess the relative toxicities of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soils, river waters, and ground waters. The assay utilized decline in luminescence of lux-marked Pseudomonas fluorescens on exposure to xenobiotics. Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common bacterium in the terrestrial environment, providing environmental relevance to soil, river, and ground water systems. Three principal environmental contaminants associated with benzene degradation were exposed to the luminescence-marked bacterial biosensor to assess their toxicity individually and in combination. Median effective concentration (EC50) values for decline in luminescence were determined for benzene, catechol, and phenol and were found to be 39.9, 0.77, and 458.6 mg/L, respectively. Catechol, a fungal and bacterial metabolite of benzene, was found to be significantly more toxic to the biosensor than was the parent compound benzene, showing that products of xenobiotic biodegradation may be more toxic than the parent compounds. Combinations of parent compounds and metabolites were found to be significantly more toxic to the bioassay than were the individual compounds themselves. Development of this bioassay has provided a rapid screening system suitable for assessing the toxicity of xenobiotics commonly found in contaminated soil, river, and ground-water environments. The assay can be utilized over a wide pH range and is therefore more applicable to such environmental systems than bioluminescence-based bioassays that utilize marine organisms and can only be applied over a limited pH and salinity range.

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“…Bacterial bioluminescence is also a parameter now frequently utilized in toxicity testing [2]. The naturally bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been used to determine the toxicity of a wide range of organic xenobiotics in standard solutions [3], freshwaters, groundwaters, and soils [4][5][6][7]. Although this bioluminescence-based bioassay provides an inexpensive and rapid screening system, its applicability to terrestrial matrices is compromised by the highly saline conditions required for the bioassay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Chlorobenzenes to a Lux-Marked Terrestrial Bacterium, Pseudomonas Fluorescens

Boyd¹,

Meharg²,

Wright³

et al. 1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Insertion of lux genes, encoding for bioluminescence in naturally bioluminescent marine bacteria, into the genome of Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in a bioluminescent strain of this terrestrial bacterium. The lux-marked bacterium was used to toxicity test the chlorobenzene series. By correlating chlorobenzenes 50% effective concentration (EC50) values against physiochemical parameters, the physiochemical properties of chlorobenzenes that elicit toxic responses were investigated. The results showed that the more chlorinated the compounds, the more toxic they were to lux-marked P. fluorescens. Furthermore, it was shown that the more symmetrical the compound, the greater its toxicity to P. fluorescens. In general, the toxicity of a chlorobenzene was inversely proportional to its solubility (S) and directly proportional to its lipophilicity (K ow ). By correlating lux-marked P. fluorescens EC50 values, determined for chlorobenzenes, with toxicity values determined using Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), Cyclotella meneghiniana (diatom), and Vibrio fischeri (marine bacterium), it was apparent that lux-marked P. fluorescens correlated well with freshwater species such as the diatoms and fathead minnow but not with the bioluminescent marine bacterium V. fischeri. The implications of these findings are that a terrestrial bacterium such as P. fluorescens should be used for toxicity testing of soils and freshwaters rather than the marine bacterium V. fischeri.

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MicrotoxTM response to volatile organic pollutants — implementation of the test in investigating accidental or deliberate watersupply pollution

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

Assessment of toxicological interactions of benzene and its primary degradation products (catechol and phenol) using a lux‐modified bacterial bioassay

ASSESSMENT OF TOXICOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF BENZENE AND ITS PRIMARY DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (CATECHOL AND PHENOL) USING A lux-MODIFIED BACTERIAL BIOASSAY

Toxicity of Chlorobenzenes to a Lux-Marked Terrestrial Bacterium, Pseudomonas Fluorescens

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