Microthermal catalytic aerogenesis of renewable biomass waste using cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries towards reversed regulated conversion and recycling of valuable metals

Abstract

Sustainable recycling of metal resources from retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with reduced environmental impacts is attracting increasing attention in current prevailing recycling processes. However, the over-reliance on energy and chemical...

Balancing the Components of Biomass and the Reactivity of Pyrolysis Gas: Biomass-Assisted Recycling of Spent LiCoO2 Batteries

“…Global sales of electric vehicles exceeded 10.5 million in 2022 . At the same time, electric vehicles with a high growth trajectory brought a significant burden of battery waste since the lifetime of car batteries is around 3–5 years. , The strategic metal resources and environmental footprint of e-waste force researchers to focus on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). − Several processes have already been developed for the collaborative recycling of spent LIBs and waste biomass. − Among them, the biomass pyrolysis gas reduction method has advantages such as high efficiency, low energy consumption, simple process, and small environmental footprint. , The pyrolysis gas reduction strategy is also suitable for recovering lithium from LiNi x Co y Mn z O 1‑ x ‑ y cathode material . The use of pyrolysis gas to recycle spent lithium transition metal oxides (LTMOs) has been achieved by virtue of the reductivity of pyrolysis gas that breaks the chemical bonds of LTMOs to separate Li and transition metals through thermal reduction. ,, Therefore, studying the pyrolysis behaviors of different types of biomass is important to produce gases with the desired ability to reduce the number of spent LTMOs.…”

Redox-Mediated Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Coupled with Low-Energy Consumption Hydrogen Production

“…2 The exponential manufacturing of LIBs has raised concerns about the scarcity of critical metals, while perpetually accumulating waste LIBs pose potential environmental risks due to the contained heavy metals and organic pollutants. 3,4 To achieve sustainable LIB development, recycling retired batteries has become the global consensus on resource conservation and environmental protection. 5,6 Compared to the various commercial cathodes, including LiCoO 2 , LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , and Li 2 MnO 4 , the development of a cost-effective and selective lithium extraction method for spent LiFePO 4 (sLFP) is exceptionally significant due to the abundance and low cost of iron and phosphorus.…”

“…According to predictions from the International Energy Agency (IEA), global electric vehicle sales will increase to 43 million by 2030 . The exponential manufacturing of LIBs has raised concerns about the scarcity of critical metals, while perpetually accumulating waste LIBs pose potential environmental risks due to the contained heavy metals and organic pollutants. , To achieve sustainable LIB development, recycling retired batteries has become the global consensus on resource conservation and environmental protection. , …”