Microsurgical removal of centrosomes blocks cell reproduction and centriole generation in BSC-1 cells

Maniotis, Andrew J.; Schliwa, Manfred

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90524-3

Cited by 184 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Early studies showed that cell cycle progression from G1 to S was impaired when centrosomes were removed from certain cell types by microsurgery or laser ablation [114,115,131]. This then led to the hypothesis that a G1/S checkpoint might monitor centrosome status.…”

Section: Centrosomes As Signalling Platforms In Vertebrates? (A) Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrosomes as signalling centres

Arquint

Gabryjonczyk

Nigg

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

127

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Centrosomes—as well as the related spindle pole bodies (SPBs) of yeast—have been extensively studied from the perspective of their microtubule-organizing roles. Moreover, the biogenesis and duplication of these organelles have been the subject of much attention, and the importance of centrosomes and the centriole–ciliary apparatus for human disease is well recognized. Much less developed is our understanding of another facet of centrosomes and SPBs, namely their possible role as signalling centres. Yet, many signalling components, including kinases and phosphatases, have been associated with centrosomes and spindle poles, giving rise to the hypothesis that these organelles might serve as hubs for the integration and coordination of signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss a number of selected studies that bear on this notion. We cover different processes (cell cycle control, development, DNA damage response) and organisms (yeast, invertebrates and vertebrates), but have made no attempt to be comprehensive. This field is still young and although the concept of centrosomes and SPBs as signalling centres is attractive, it remains primarily a concept—in need of further scrutiny. We hope that this review will stimulate thought and experimentation.

show abstract

Section: Centrosomes As Signalling Platforms In Vertebrates? (A) Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrosomes as signalling centres

Arquint

Gabryjonczyk

Nigg

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

127

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alternative approaches to study Golgi biogenesis using cell microsurgery to generate Golgi-and nucleus-free cytoplasts were unable to synthesize a functional, transportcompetent Golgi complex from the ER (Pelletier et al, 2000). Microsurgery has also been used to deplete the centrosome and Golgi from living cells (Maniotis and Schliwa, 1991) and subsequently study their biogenesis. The authors suggested that the Golgi complex, which was at least partially depleted from cells together with the centrosome, could be resynthesized to a normal extent within 20 hours of the surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel laser nanosurgery approach supports de novo Golgi biogenesis in mammalian cells

Tängemo

Ronchi

Colombelli

et al. 2011

Journal of Cell Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Golgi complex has a central role in the secretory pathway of all higher organisms. To explain the synthesis of its unique stacked structure in mammalian cells, two major models have been proposed. One suggests that it is synthesized de novo from the endoplasmic reticulum. The second model postulates a pre-existing Golgi template that serves as a scaffold for its biogenesis. To test these hypotheses directly, we have developed an approach in which we deplete the Golgi complex from living cells by laser nanosurgery, and subsequently analyze the ‘Golgi-depleted’ karyoplast using time-lapse and electron microscopy. We show that biosynthetic transport is blocked after Golgi depletion, but is restored 12 hours later. This recovery of secretory transport coincides with an ordered assembly of stacked Golgi structures, and we also observe the appearance of matrix proteins before that of Golgi enzymes. Functional experiments using RNA interference-mediated knockdown of GM130 further demonstrate the importance of the matrix during Golgi biogenesis. By contrast, the centrosome, which can also be removed by laser nanosurgery and is not reformed within the considered time frame, is not required for this process. Altogether, our data provide evidence that de novo Golgi biogenesis can occur in mammalian cells.

show abstract

“…We currently have little understanding of how dynamic and integrated changes in cell form take place or how transmission of mechanical stresses between cells and ECM alters cell and nuclear structure, even though these events clearly play a critical role in growth and differentiation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(31)(32). Our results show that cell surface integrin receptors transmit tensile stresses that mechanically distort interconnected CSK and nucleoskeletal networks and thereby drive changes in cell and nuclear form in time periods much faster than those required for polymerization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of mechanical connections between integrins, cytoskeletal filaments, and nucleoplasm that stabilize nuclear structure

Maniotis

Chen

Ingber

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,444

1,147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report here that living cells and nuclei are hard-wired such that a mechanical tug on cell surface receptors can immediately change the organization of molecular assemblies in the cytoplasm and nucleus. When integrins were pulled by micromanipulating bound microbeads or micropipettes, cytoskeletal filaments reoriented, nuclei distorted, and nucleoli redistributed along the axis of the applied tension field. These effects were specific for integrins, independent of cortical membrane distortion, and were mediated by direct linkages between the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Actin microfilaments mediated force transfer to the nucleus at low strain; however, tearing of the actin gel resulted with greater distortion. In contrast, intermediate filaments effectively mediated force transfer to the nucleus under both conditions. These filament systems also acted as molecular guy wires to mechanically stiffen the nucleus and anchor it in place, whereas microtubules acted to hold open the intermediate filament lattice and to stabilize the nucleus against lateral compression. Molecular connections between integrins, cytoskeletal filaments, and nuclear scaffolds may therefore provide a discrete path for mechanical signal transfer through cells as well as a mechanism for producing integrated changes in cell and nuclear structure in response to changes in extracellular matrix adhesivity or mechanics.Cells generate mechanical tension in their actin cytoskeleton (CSK) and exert tractional forces on their adhesions to extracellular matrix (ECM) (1). Changes in the balance of forces between cells and ECM, induced by altering matrix flexibility or adhesivity, can change cell shape and switch cells between growth and differentiation (1-5). The precise mechanism by which cell shape changes influence gene expression and cell cycle progression remains unclear. However, these regulatory effects appear to be mediated, at least in part, by associated changes in CSK and nuclear structure (1, 6-10). Thus, it is critical to understand how mechanical stresses applied to the surface membrane can promote coordinated alterations in cell, CSK, and nuclear form. Understanding this mechanism also could provide insight into mechanotransduction, the process by which cells sense and respond to external mechanical stimuli.One explanation for integrated cell shape control is that transmembrane ECM receptors, CSK filaments, and nuclear scaffolds are ''hard-wired'' together such that a mechanical pull on the surface membrane results in coordinated realignment of structural elements throughout this interconnected molecular network (11,12). This model is in direct contrast to many current models of cell mechanics, which envision the viscous fluid-like cytoplasm and surrounding elastic membrane to be the major load-bearing elements in living cells (13)(14)(15). On the other hand, microscopic studies demonstrate structural continuity between ECM molecules, transmembrane proteins, CSK filaments, and nuclear scaffolds in detergent-extracted cells (16)(17)...

show abstract

Microsurgical removal of centrosomes blocks cell reproduction and centriole generation in BSC-1 cells

Cited by 184 publications

References 48 publications

Centrosomes as signalling centres

Centrosomes as signalling centres

A novel laser nanosurgery approach supports de novo Golgi biogenesis in mammalian cells

Demonstration of mechanical connections between integrins, cytoskeletal filaments, and nucleoplasm that stabilize nuclear structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About