Microsurgical Anatomy of the Superior Wall of the Mandibular Canal and Surrounding Structures: Suggestion for New Classifications for Dental Implantology

Abstract

Our goal was to clarify the relationship between the superior wall of the mandibular canal and the presence of teeth. We also sought to study the structural changes of the mandibular canal after tooth loss. Twenty sides from 10 dry mandibles derived from six males and four females were used for this study. The age of the specimens at the time of death ranged from 57 to 91 years. The mandibles were cut in the midline resulting in 20 hemi-mandibles. The presence of teeth (from the second premolar to the third molar) was recorded for each hemi-mandible. The mandibular canal in the body of the mandible was divided into four areas, that is, Areas 1-4. The superior wall of the mandibular canal and a cancellous bone pattern above the mandibular canal were observed. Next, the mandibular canal was horizontally cut at its center and the superior wall of the mandibular canal observed inferiorly. A total of 75 areas (20 dentulous areas and 55 edentulous areas) were produced. The distal view was classified into three groups, Type I (trabecular pattern), Type II (osteoporotic pattern), and Type III (dense/irregular pattern). The Type I pattern was found in 60.0%

Mandibular canal vs. inferior alveolar canal: Evidence‐based terminology analysis

“…The articles that were included in the IAC/IANC group were excluded from this group. The most recent, consecutive 50 articles containing “mandibular canal” but neither “inferior alveolar canal” nor “inferior alveolar nerve canal” were included (defined as the MC group) (Abd Fattah, Hariri, Nambiar, Abu Bakar, & Abdul Rahman, 2019; Al‐Shayyab, Qabba'ah, Alsoleihat, & Baqain, 2019; Alves, Dias, Mansa, & Machado, 2020; Arias et al, 2019; Bosykh, Turkina, Franco, Franco, & Makeeva, 2019; Bozkurt & Görürgöz, 2019; Burian et al, 2019; Cârstocea, Săndulescu, Hostiuc, & Rusu, 2020; M. H. Chen et al, 2019; Costa et al, 2019; Esposito et al, 2019; Felice et al, 2019; Felice, Barausse, Pistilli, Ippolito, & Esposito, 2019; Fistarol, De Stavola, Fincato, & Bressan, 2019; Freire, Nascimento, Vasconcelos, Freitas, & Haiter‐Neto, 2019; Friedrich, Matschke, & Wilczak, 2019; Iwanaga et al, 2020, 2020; Iwanaga, Wong, Kikuta, & Tubbs, 2019; Kalabalik & Aytuğar, 2019; Koç, Eroğlu, & Bilgili, 2019; Komal, Bedi, Wadhwani, Aurora, & Chauhan, 2020; K. C. Lee, Yoon, Philipone, & Peters, 2019; Liye et al, 2019; Matsuda, Yoshimura, & Sano, 2019; Matzen, Petersen, Schropp, & Wenzel, 2019; Matzen, Villefrance, Nørholt, Bak, & Wenzel, 2020; Munhoz, Arita, Nishimura, & Watanabe, 2019; Na et al, 2019; Ngeow & Chai, 2020a, 2020b; Nicol, Loncle, Pasquet, & Vacher, 2019; Okumuş & Dumlu, 2019; Oliveira et al, 2019; Ozdede, 2020; Pedersen, Matzen, Hermann, & Nørholt, 2019; Predoiu, Rusu, & Chiriţă, 2019; Puciło, Lipski, Sroczyk‐Jaszczyńska, Puciło, & Nowicka, 2020; Raju et al, 2019; Sahl, Alqahtani, Alqahtani, & Gallez, 2018; Satir, 2019; Sholapurkar & Davies, 2019; Sinha et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2019; Tereshchuk & Sukharev, 2019; Uğur Ay...…”

The Radiological Evaluation of Mandibular Canal Related Variables in Mandibular Third Molar Region: a Retrospective Multicenter Study

“…The bone quality of MC wall has been reported more trabecular than cortical in mandibular premolar and molar regions [21]. Despite the anatomy of canal has been well documented through anatomical and radiological studies, data related on MC wall is limited [22][23][24][25]. To best of authors' knowledge MC wall (superior, buccal and lingual) in third molar region in relation to possible risk indicators for IAN injuries has not been examined.…”

Predictors of osteoradionecrosis following irradiated tooth extraction

“…The visibility of the superior and inferior borders of mandibular canal in DPT has been studied in the normal population [15][16][17][18][19]. In relation to this study, the visibility or invisibility of the MC are related to the change in bone activity around the neurovascular bundles [14,20,21]. In ORN, the osteoclastic activation and attenuation of osteoblastic function results in loss of cortical outlines and trabecular bone density [9].…”