“…2c). 53,54 LiF and some byproducts such as MnF 2 , CoF 2 , and NiF 2 are formed by the erosion of HF to lithium residues on the particle surface and dissolution of excess metal ions, respectively. 55 Lastly, the intergranular microcracks among primary particles or second particles are produced owing to the anisotropic lattice variations and structural collapse, which can enlarge the exposed internal surface and provide a channel for electrolyte penetration into the interior particles (Fig.…”