Microstructures and Hardening Mechanisms of a 316L Stainless Steel/Inconel 718 Interface Additively Manufactured by Multi-Material Selective Laser Melting

Yusuf, Shahir Mohd; Mazlan, Nurainaa; Musa, Nur Hidayah; Zhao, Xiao; Chen, Ying; Yang, Shoufeng; Nordin, Nur Azmah; Mazlan, Saiful Amri; Gao, Nong

doi:10.3390/met13020400

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Etching reveals dendritic zone as white and interdendritic zone as dark. [13] This can be seen in all samples without post weld heat treatment [14]. This can be seen in figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The effects of laser welding parameters on weldability and quality of the microstructure of additively manufactured Inconel 718-316L joints

Kivirasi,

Lindqvist,

Lipiäinen

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Additive manufacturing of metals is a way of producing high-quality end-use parts. Technical alloys, for example Inconel 718, can be used to obtain a lot of benefits for example wear, corrosion, and heat resistance. Laser welding of Inconel 718 is a standard process, but there is rather limited amount of information of welding of additively manufactured nickel superalloys to the additively manufactured stainless steel. The process parameters need to be considered in laser welding. Undesired microstructure can occur due to wrong heat input during the welding process. This study examines laser welding of additively manufactured Inconel 718-316L parts and the effects of the welding parameters to the quality of the weld by analysing microstructure from the heat affected zone. This is done to achieve better part quality more cost efficiently compared to traditionally produced parts and to optimize the welding parameters. It is not feasible to manufacture the full large structure with IN718 and AM could be used to manufacture just the functional parts of the assembly. Tests have shown that welding heat input and cooling time affect to the quality. Inconel 718 hardness decrease across the fused zone because of the mixing of different elements in the molten weld pool. Laser welding highlights cuboidal shaped niobium rich carbides throughout the material to the heat affected zone grain boundaries on Inconel side.

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“…Etching reveals dendritic zone as white and interdendritic zone as dark. [13] This can be seen in all samples without post weld heat treatment [14]. This can be seen in figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

The effects of laser welding parameters on weldability and quality of the microstructure of additively manufactured Inconel 718-316L joints

Kivirasi,

Lindqvist,

Lipiäinen

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…A cylindrical rod made of IN 718 (length: 200 mm, diameter: 10 mm) was fabricated by L-PBF AM technique using HK PM250 machine, with the processing parameters detailed in ref. [17]. The chemical composition of the precursor IN 718 powders (in wt.%), as determined via energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is listed as follow: Cr: 18.6, Ni: 50.7, Nb: 5.01, Ti: 0.89, Mo: 3.1, Mn: 0.04, Si: 0.09, C: 0.016, P: 0.013, and Fe: balance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Microhardness and Corrosion Performance of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Specimens through Nanostructuring by Severe Plastic Deformation

Yusuf,

Musa,

Mazlan

et al. 2024

MSF

Self Cite

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes, particularly high-pressure torsion (HPT) have been increasingly applied to metallic specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) for enhancing their mechanical and functional properties through nanoscale grain refinement (≤ 100 nm). In this study. L-PBF AM-fabricated Inconel 718 (IN 718) specimens are initially subjected to 10 HPT revolutions to produce nanosized grains. Subsequently, microstructural characterisation, as well as hardness and electrochemical tests are conducted to evaluate the evolution of microstructures, hardness, and corrosion performance of the as-received and HPT-processed specimens by using various microscopy, Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements, and corrosion performance, respectively. The results reveal an average grain size of ~ 46 nm, dense dislocation networks, and nanotwins after 10 HPT processing, which contribute to the two-fold hardness increase compared to the as-received condition. Such microstructures also contributed to the overall improved corrosion performance after 10 HPT processing, as quantified by the 83% and 73% reduction in corrosion rate and pitting potential, respectively.

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“…In the interfacial zone of 316L/CuSn10 multimaterials, dendritic cracks propagate orthogonally to the 316L region from the melting zone [13,14]. Defects and cracks are observed in the interfacial zone of 316L/IN718 multimaterials and carbides such as NbC and TiC [15,16]. Cracks occur in the interfacial zone of 316L/Ni 50.83 Ti 49.17 multi-material, possibly caused by the presence of brittle intermetallic compounds (Fe 2 Ti, FeNi 3 , Ti 2 Ni) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Characterization of Selective Laser Melting of a SS316L/NiTi Multi-Material with a High-Entropy Alloy Interlayer

Repnin,

Kim,

Popovich

2023

Crystals

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Some multi-materials produced via SLM and containing 316L steel may exhibit defects and cracks in the interfacial zone. There is a lack of research on 316L/NiTi multi-materials with an interlayer produced via SLM. This study aims to investigate the influence of a high-entropy alloy (HEA)—CoCrFeNiMn interlayer on the defects’ formation, microstructure, phase, and chemical compositions, as well as the hardness of the interfacial zone. It was concluded that using of high-entropy alloy as an interlayer in the production of 316L/HEA/NiTi multi-material via SLM is questionable, since numerous cracks and limited pores occurred in the HEA/NiTi interfacial zone. The interfacial zone has an average size of 100–200 μm. Microstructure studies indicate that island macrosegregation is formed in the interfacial zone. The analysis of phase, chemical composition, and hardness demonstrates that a small amount of FeTi may form in the island macrosegregation. The increase in iron content in this area could be the reason for this. The interfacial zone has a microhardness of about 430 HV, and in the island macrosegregation, the microhardness increases to about 550 HV. Further research could involve an in-depth analysis of the phase and chemical composition, as well as examining other metals and alloys as interlayers.

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Microstructures and Hardening Mechanisms of a 316L Stainless Steel/Inconel 718 Interface Additively Manufactured by Multi-Material Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

The effects of laser welding parameters on weldability and quality of the microstructure of additively manufactured Inconel 718-316L joints

The effects of laser welding parameters on weldability and quality of the microstructure of additively manufactured Inconel 718-316L joints

Enhanced Microhardness and Corrosion Performance of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Specimens through Nanostructuring by Severe Plastic Deformation

Interfacial Characterization of Selective Laser Melting of a SS316L/NiTi Multi-Material with a High-Entropy Alloy Interlayer

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