Microstructured Optical Fiber-based Biosensors: Reversible and Nanoliter-Scale Measurement of Zinc Ions

Abstract

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A Rationally Designed, Spiropyran-Based Chemosensor for Magnesium

“…A 5 mW laser was coupled into the core of a suspended core fibre (SCF) via dichroic mirror at a wavelength of 532 nm using 60× objective as described previously [39]. One end of the fibre was filled by capillary action by dipping in an acetonitrile solution containing chemosensor 1 (500 µM) and Mg 2+ (1 mM).…”

“…Photo-controlled switching between the weakly fluorescent spiropyran (SP) and highly fluorescent merocyanine (MC) isomers occurs on irradiation with UV light or in the presence of the target metal ion, while visible light reverses the isomerisation (see 1 and 2 Figure 1A) [35][36][37]. Recently, we have reported the combination of spiropyran-based chemosensors with microstructured optical fibres for the nanoscale detection of metal ions [38][39][40]. These systems have been shown to yield significant signal-to-background changes with minimal sample volumes, a real advance in biological sensing that enables measurement on subcellular-scale samples.…”

“…An electron withdrawing NO 2 group was incorporated at the C6' position of the benzopyran ring, since such groups are known to further promote metal ion binding by stabilising the ring-opened MC isomer [45]. The fluorinated analogue 2 was also investigated as a moderately electron withdrawing fluoro-substituent is known to give rise to relatively high fluorescence yields compared to a nitro analogue [39]. It is interesting to note that while absorbance-based photophysical studies have previously been reported on 1 [33,46], the fluorescence properties of this chemosensor in the presence of Mg 2+ are unknown.…”

A biophotonic approach to measure pH in small volumes in vitro: Quantifiable differences in metabolic flux around the cumulus‐oocyte‐complex (COC)

“…Embryos need to be grown in small volumes (10‐100 μL) in order to prevent dilution of growth factors these embryos produce to support their own development . Optical fibre‐based fluorescent probes provide access to these small volumes for the non‐invasive detection of extracellular biomarkers, with reported examples measuring pH , metal ions and ROS in biological environments.…”

Spiropyran‐Based Nanocarrier: A New Zn2+‐Responsive Delivery System with Real‐Time Intracellular Sensing Capabilities

“…Exposure of the spiropyran‐based nanocarrier to Zn 2+ isomerizes the component spiropyran (SP) to its ring‐opened merocyanine isomer (MC),, with an associated change in polarity and geometry. We envisioned that this would result in an overall size change of the nanocarrier to release the encapsulated payload.…”