Microstructure, thickness and sheet resistivity of Cu/Ni thin film produced by electroplating technique on the variation of electrolyte temperature

Abstract

Abstract. In this research, it has been made Cu/Ni thin film produced with electroplating technique. The deposition process was done in the plating bath using Cu and Ni as cathode and anode respectively. The electrolyte solution was made from the mixture of HBrO3 (7.5g), NiSO4 (100g), NiCl2 (15g), and aquadest (250 ml). Electrolyte temperature was varied from 40C up to 80C, to make the Ni ions in the solution easy to move to Cu cathode. The deposition was done during 2 minutes on the potential of 1.5 volt. Many characterizations were done including the thickness of Ni film, microstructure, and sheet resistivity. The results showed that at all samples Ni had attacked on the Cu substrate to form Cu/Ni. The raising of electrolyte temperature affected the increasing of Ni thickness that is the Ni thickness increase with the increasing electrolyte temperature. From the EDS spectrum, it can be informed that samples already contain Ni and Cu elements and NiO and CuO compounds. Addition element and compound are found for sample Cu/Ni resulted from 70 electrolyte temperature of Ni deposition, that are Pt and PtO2. From XRD pattern, there are several phases which have crystal structure i.e. Cu, Ni, and NiO, while CuO and PtO2 have amorphous structure. The sheet resistivity linearly decreases with the increasing electrolyte temperature. IntroductionIn the husbandry industry, the existence of low-temperature thermometers is needed especially on the breeding using artificial insemination (IB). For the purposes of IB to obtain the qualified cow sperm the government is still importing. During delivery and storage, the sperm is placed in a special flask containing liquid nitrogen with the temperature of -198C. As a part of the design of flask, there is a hole for liquid nitrogen to evaporate out to avoid the explosion. The problem is if the evaporation occurs continuously then the nitrogen content in the flask becomes less and the temperature increase. If the temperature inside the flask reaches the critical temperature i.e. -100C then the cow sperm will die. Therefore, a low-temperature thermometer attached to the flask is needed.Making low-temperature thermometers is not easy because it may make the equipment does not work as which should be such as freezing in the sensor so the sensor can not flow the current normally, freezing on conductor so that it can not function as a good conductor, the presence of mechanical stress, and others. These make a measurement on low-temperature need a long time compared to the measurement of medium in the room temperature [1,2]. The RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensor is a sensor used to measure temperature by correlating RTD element resistance with temperature [3,4,5]. RTD elements that can be used are Platinum [6,7], Nickel [8],

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Fabrication of optimized streamlined micro nozzles by hybrid electrochemical techniques

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