Microstructure of wood char

Zicherman, Joseph B.; Williamson, R. B.

doi:10.1007/bf00350942

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Jonker and Koelmans [6] stated that structure and pore size may be different for charcoal and soot though both originated from wood. Charcoal contains narrow pores [7] that can act as possible active sorption sites for HOCs [1,6]. Conversely, the pore diameter in soot was greater than in charcoal, which resulted in less surface area and less contact of contaminant to the aromatic pore wall.…”

Section: Effects Of Bc Characteristics and Concentration On Bioavailamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although soot and charcoal are derived from wood, they possess different structures and physicochemical properties, such as TOC content, specific surface area, and pore volume. The structure of soot particles is coarse and boulderlike [6], whereas charcoal maintains a wood-like structure containing deep narrow pores [7]. Compared to soot, charcoal has relatively higher specific surface area and pore volume [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment‐associated contaminants

Pehkonen

You

Akkanen

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Black carbon (BC) and chemical properties may play a significant role in defining the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment. In the current study, bioavailability of four HOCs with differing planarity was determined in sediments amended with two types of BC (soot and charcoal) at different concentrations by matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME) and bioaccumulation testing using the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Furthermore, the applicability of the matrix-SPME method to bioavailability estimation in BC-amended sediment was tested. The charcoal treatment significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of the planar compounds (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and benzo[a]pyrene) in L. variegatus, and the matrix-SPME method showed a similar trend as contaminant bioaccumulation in L. variegatus. Conversely, manipulation of sediment with soot had no effect or slightly increased bioavailability of the planar compounds in both bioaccumulation and matrix-SPME tests. Little if any affect was noted in bioavailability of the nonplanar compounds (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and permethrin) with the soot and charcoal amendments. Results showed that the role of BC in defining bioavailability of HOCs depends not only on the type and concentrations of BC present, but also the planarity of the HOCs.

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Section: Effects Of Bc Characteristics and Concentration On Bioavailamentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment‐associated contaminants

Pehkonen

You

Akkanen

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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show abstract

“…Zicherman and Williamson (1981) used scanning electron microscopy to show that wood specimens exhibit three distinct zones following fire exposure. These were: 1. the heavily distorted outer char layer; 2. a charred but relatively undistorted inner layer; and 3. a whole, non-degraded wood underlying the char.…”

Section: Impact Of Fire On Wood Morphology and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Burned wood in the pulp and paper industry: A literature review

Watson¹,

Potter²

2004

The Forestry Chronicle

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Fires play an integral part in Canadian forest architecture. Low-value wood, from burned stems, is an important source of fibre for the pulp and paper industry. Although wood chemistry changes induced by fire are substantial, burned stems exhibit a demarcation layer between the char and undamaged wood which is only a few cells thick. The loss of stem moisture content requires that burned wood is processed within one year. Aggressive debarking will minimize charcoal contamination and careful metering of chips from burned wood into any pulping process is essential. Chips with low moisture content must be pre-steamed prior to kraft cooking, and chemical pre-treatment may improve mechanical pulp quality.Key words: burn intensity, wood chemistry, charring, stem moisture content, charcoal contamination, chip metering Les feux de forêt sont un élément intégral de l'architecture de la forêt canadienne. Le bois de faible valeur tiré des tiges brûlées constitue une source de fibre pour l'industrie des pâtes et papier. Même si les modifications de la chimie du bois provoquées par le feu sont substantielles, les tiges brûlées exhibent une couche de démarcation entre le bois calciné et le bois sain qui n'est que de quelques cellules d'épaisseur. La perte de l'humidité contenue dans la tige entraîne l'obligation de transformer le bois brûlé en moins d'un an. Un écorçage plus intense minimisera la contamination par des particules brûlées et un dosage soigné des copeaux provenant de tiges brûlées au cours du processus de mise en pâte est essentiel. Les copeaux de faible niveau d'humidité doivent subir un traitement à la vapeur avant une cuisson selon le procédé kraft et un pré-traitement chimique peut améliorer la qualité mécanique de la pâte.

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“…Dada la escasez e importancia de dicha información en el estudio de la gestión de la materia prima leñosa por un lado, y el estudio arqueobotánico llevado a cabo en el sitio Paredón Lanfré -SW de la provincia de Río Negro-(ver Caruso, 2012Caruso, , 2013 Por otro lado, el trabajo experimental posee como objetivo específico: explorar si las grietas de contracción presentes en los carbones experimentales responden al estado de la madera puesta al fuego, es decir madera verde o seca. Las alteraciones producidas durante el proceso de combustión -grietas de contracción, vitrificación-dependerán del estado de la madera en el momento de su combustión (seco o verde y sano o degradado) y de las condiciones en las que se produzca el acto de la propia combustión (Zicherman, 1981;Prior & Alvin, 1983, 19861993;Schott et al, 2000;Pastor-Villegas et al, 2007). Maderas verdes o degradadas por el ataque de microorganismos no se trasformarán de la misma manera por la acción del fuego.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Experimentación Y Propiedades Combustibles De Especies Del Bosque Andino Patagónico: Aportación Al Estudio Antracológico De Sitios Arqueológicos

Caruso¹

2013

Magallania

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RESUMENConocer las propiedades combustibles de las especies leñosas permite complementar el análisis e interpretación de las modalidades de adquisición y uso del material leñoso por parte de grupos del pasado. El método experimental permite profundizar en las propiedades que las distintas especies vegetales poseen como combustible, pero más importante aun posibilita la reconstrucción de los procesos que han generado el conjunto de restos recuperados. Este trabajo presenta dos objetivos. Por un lado determinar las cualidades que poseen como combustible cuatro especies leñosas (austrocedrus chilensis, fitzroya cupressoides, nothofagus antarctica y nothofagus dombeyi) y comprender su comportamiento en el proceso de combustión. Por otro lado, explorar si las grietas de contracción presentes en los carbones responden al estado de la madera puesta al fuego (verde-seco). La realización de 16 fuegos experimentales y el estudio de sus carbones evidencian diferencias entre las especies leñosas estudiadas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten por un lado, discriminar la utilización de madera seca y madera verde como combustible. Por otro, profundizar en la identificación e interpretación de las alteraciones presentes en los carbones arqueológicos y complementar el análisis arqueobotánico de los distintos sitios patagónicos.PALABRAS CLAVE: experimentación, propiedades combustibles, bosque andino-patagónico. EXPERIMENTATION AND COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF PATAGONIAN ANDEAN FOREST. CONTRIBUTION TO THE ARCHAEOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ABSTRACTThe properties of woody fuels during the combustion can complement the interpretation of the modes of acquisition and use of firewood by groups of the past. The experimental method allows to deepen about the properties of different plant species as fuel, but more importantly allows the reconstruction of the processes that have generated the archaeobotanical remains recovered. This paper has two objectives. For one determine the combustion properties of four woody species (austrocedrus, fitzroya cupressoides, nothofagus and nothofagus antarctica dombeyi) and understand their behavior in the combustion process. Furthermore, explore whether shrinkage cracks present in the charcoal respond to

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Microstructure of wood char

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment‐associated contaminants

Influence of black carbon and chemical planarity on bioavailability of sediment‐associated contaminants

Burned wood in the pulp and paper industry: A literature review

Experimentación Y Propiedades Combustibles De Especies Del Bosque Andino Patagónico: Aportación Al Estudio Antracológico De Sitios Arqueológicos

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