Microstructure of porous anodic oxide films on aluminium

Wada, Kenji; Shimohira, Takajiro; Yamada, Mariko; Baba, Naomichi

doi:10.1007/bf02431615

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2b) [1-3, [20][21][22][23]. Porous oxide film is also known as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), porous anodic alumina (PAA), anodic porous alumina, porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAOX), etc., and these names correspond to the same "porous oxide film" fabricated by anodizing in acidic solutions.…”

Section: Barrier and Porous Oxide Films Formed By Aluminum Anodizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Kikuchi¹,

Nakajima²,

Nishinaga³

et al. 2015

CNANO

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Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys is widely investigated and used for corrosion protection, electronic devices, and micro-/nanostructure fabrication. Anodizing of aluminum in acidic solutions causes formation of porous aluminum oxide films, which consists of numerous hexagonal cells perpendicular to the aluminum substrate, and each cell has nanoscale pores at its center. Recently, highly ordered porous aluminum oxide has been widely investigated for various novel nanoapplications. In this review article, we introduce the fundamentals of anodic oxide films including barrier and porous oxides. Then, we summarize the electrolyte species used so far for porous oxide fabrication and describe the self-ordering conditions during anodizing in these electrolyte solutions. Fabrication of highly ordered porous oxides through the vertical section can be achieved by a two-step anodizing and nanoimprint technique. Various nanoapplications based on the ordered porous oxide are also introduced.

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Section: Barrier and Porous Oxide Films Formed By Aluminum Anodizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Kikuchi¹,

Nakajima²,

Nishinaga³

et al. 2015

CNANO

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“…For the samples 2 and 3, however, analogous procedure was applied. The broadening process seems to be a linear function of etching time despite variable chemical composition of different parts of the unit cell [46,47]. The pore broadening was carried out till the maximal possible pore opening was achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing of highly ordered porous anodic alumina with conical pore shape and tunable interpore distance in the range of 550 nm to 650 nm

Norek

Łażewski

2017

Materials Science-Poland

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In this work, highly ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) with tapered pore structure and interpore distance (D c ) in the range of 550 nm to 650 nm were fabricated. To produce hexagonal close-packed pore structure a two-step process, combining anodization in etidronic acid electrolyte in the first step and high-concentration, high-temperature anodization in citric acid electrolyte in the second step, was applied. The Al pre-patterned surface obtained in the first anodization was used to produce regular tapered pore arrays by subsequent and alternating anodization in 20 wt.% citric acid solution and pore wall etching in 10 wt.% phosphoric acid solution. The height of the tapered pores was ranging between 2.5 µm and 8.0 µm for the PAA with D c = 550 nm and D c = 650 nm, respectively. The geometry of the obtained graded structure can be used for a production of efficient antireflective coatings operating in IR spectral region.

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“…As a consequence, an oxide cell of a more regular (ideal) structure is formed. 1,8,9 Increasing the electrolyte temperature would also have a considerable effect on the porosity of the oxide coating. [1][2][3][4] The porosity of the obtained oxide layers is of major importance to their utilisation for a sliding interaction with plastic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlling anodising parameters allows, within some limits, programming the selected functional properties of future upper layers. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The above-mentioned method consists of oxidising aluminium and its alloys in three-component electrolytes. Dicarboxylic acid is added to the mixture of sulphuric and oxalic acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and morphology of the surface of duplex layers after saturation of the base layer with carbon

Skoneczny¹

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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The paper presents a new method of obtaining aluminium-oxide-based, duplex-type layers. In the first stage, the base layer is produced via the hard anodising of aluminium alloys in order to obtain the optimal structural and morphological properties. Following anodising, the samples with an Al2O3 layer are rinsed in distilled water in order to remove the electrolyte. Graphite was introduced into the structure of aluminium oxide during a thermal treatment in a solid medium consisting of graphite dust. Afterwards, the properties of the obtained layers were determined using a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM), as well as X-ray diffraction. The structure of the duplex-type layers contains carbon and other precipitates, which are typical for an alloy with additions of Fe, Mn, Cr and other elements. Carbon precipitates have a relatively weak connection with the matrix, as an envelope with numerous discontinuities forms around each carbon precipitate. Carbon precipitates are considerably larger than alloy precipitates, have micrometre dimensions, occur in groups and are composed of small grouped nanometric particles that form larger agglomerates. This means that there are nanometric particles inside the micrometric ones. Keywords: aluminium alloys, nano-layers, SEM, AFM, EDŜ lanek predstavlja novo metodo za izdelavo dupleksne plasti aluminijevega oksida. V prvi stopnji se izdela osnovna plast s trdim anodiziranjem aluminijevih zlitin, da se dobi optimalno strukturo in morfolo{ke lastnosti. Po anodizaciji so vzorci z Al2O3 plastjo potopljeni v destilirano vodo, da se izpere elektrolit. V strukturo aluminijevega oksida se uvede grafit med toplotno obdelavo v trdem mediju, ki je vseboval grafitni prah. Potem so bile dolo~ene lastnosti dobljenih plasti, s pomo~jo vrsti~nega elektronskega mikroskopa, presevnega mikroskopa in mikroskopa na atomsko silo (AFM), kot tudi z rentgensko difrakcijo. Struktura dupleksnih plasti je vsebovala izlo~ke ogljika in druge izlo~ke, ki so zna~ilni za zlitine, z dodatkom Fe, Mn, Cr in drugih elementov. Izlo~ki ogljika imajo relativno {ibko povezavo z osnovo, saj nastaja okrog vsakega izlo~ka ogljika ovojnica s {tevilnimi diskontinuitetami. Izlo~ki ogljika so mnogo ve~ji kot izlo~ki zlitin, imajo mikrometrske dimenzije, se pojavljajo v skupinah in so sestavljeni iz malih gru~nanometri~nih delcev, ki tvorijo ve~je skupke. To pomeni, da so znotraj mikrometrskih delcev prisotni nanometrski delci.

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Microstructure of porous anodic oxide films on aluminium

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Manufacturing of highly ordered porous anodic alumina with conical pore shape and tunable interpore distance in the range of 550 nm to 650 nm

The structure and morphology of the surface of duplex layers after saturation of the base layer with carbon

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