Microstructure, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and bio-corrosion of micro-alloyed Mg–xSn–0.04Mn alloys for biodegradable orthopedic applications: Effect of processing techniques

El‐Mahallawy, N. A.; Palkowski, Heinz; Breitinger, Hans‐Georg; Klingner, Anke; Shoeib, Madiha A.; Diaa, A. Ahmed

doi:10.1557/s43578-021-00172-y

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The coarse and fine grains were the result of dynamic recrystallization [ 30 , 31 ]. During hot extrusion, a high extrusion temperature creates dynamic conditions and a high extrusion ratio provides nucleation sites for dynamic recrystallization [ 32 ]. The size of elongated grains which were suggested to have survived the dynamic recrystallization is over 100 μm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extrusion on Mechanical Property, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of the As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y-Sr Alloy

Huang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Materials

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The effect of extrusion on the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior, and in vitro biocompatibility of as-cast Mg-1.5Zn-1.2Y-0.1Sr (wt.%) alloy was investigated via tensile tests, electrochemical methods, immersion tests, methylthiazolyl diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and analytical techniques. Results showed that the as-cast and as-extruded Mg-1.5Zn-1.2Y-0.1Sr alloys comprised an α-Mg matrix and Mg3Y2Zn3 phase (W-phase). In the as-cast alloy, the W-phase was mainly distributed at the grain boundaries, with a small amount of W-phase in the grains. After hot extrusion, the W-phase was broken down into small particles that were dispersed in the alloy, and the grains were refined considerably. The as-extruded alloy exhibited appropriate mechanical properties that were attributed to refinement strengthening, dispersion strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. The as-cast and as-extruded alloys exhibited galvanic corrosion between the W-phase and α-Mg matrix as the main corrosion mechanism. The coarse W-phase directly caused the poor corrosion resistance of the as-cast alloy. The as-extruded alloy obtained via hydrogen evolution and mass loss had corrosion rates of less than 0.5 mm/year. MTT, high-content screening (HCS) analysis, and cell adhesion tests revealed that the as-extruded alloy can improve L929 cell viability and has great potential in the field of biomedical biodegradable implant materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extrusion on Mechanical Property, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of the As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y-Sr Alloy

Huang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The Ca element in Mg alloys can segregate at grain boundaries, which can refine grains and weaken texture to improve mechanical properties of alloys [64,75] and enhance high‐temperature stability, and the Mg‐Ca alloy has less weight than pure Mg matrix. Due to the low solubility of Sn at room temperature and the high‐temperature stability of the Mg 2 Sn intermetallic compound, the Sn element has great development potential for heat‐resistant high‐strength Mg alloys as age‐hardening Mg alloys, [76,77] and the Sn addition can also enhance the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys [78–80] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of high‐performance rare‐earth‐free wrought magnesium alloys using machine learning

Li,

Dong,

Jin

et al. 2024

Materials Genome Engineering Advances

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In this study, a small dataset of 370 datapoints of Mg alloys are selected for machine learning (ML), in which each datapoint includes five rare‐earth‐free alloying elements (Ca, Zn, Al, Mn and Sn), three extrusion parameters (extrusion speed, temperature and ratio), and three mechanical properties (yield strength [YS], ultimate tensile strength [UTS] and elongation [EL]). The ML algorithms, including support vector machine regression (SVR), artificial neural network, and other three methods, are employed, and the SVR has the best performance in predicting mechanical properties based on the components, and process parameters, with the mean absolute percentage error of YS, UTS, and EL being 6.34%, 4.19%, and 13.64% in the test set, respectively. The SVR model combined with multi‐objective genetic algorithm are successfully used to optimize mechanical properties of four extruded alloys from Mg‐Ca, Mg‐Ca‐Zn, Mg‐Ca‐Mn‐Sn, and Mg‐Ca‐Al‐Zn‐Mn series alloys, respectively, and the corresponding experimental results are in good agreement with the designed ones. Furthermore, new composition schemes are proposed from a wider range of elements and processing features to match the objectives of high‐strength, strength–ductility balanced, and high‐ductility Mg alloys, and the four‐, five‐ and six‐element alloying schemes are provided for the candidates of new‐generation wrought Mg alloys.

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“…It is noticed that these values of E corr of the uncoated samples are slightly lower than the initial OCP (−1.03 V for pure Zn and −1.58 V for the Zn-1.89Mg); one can refer to this as the dissolution of the naturally developed layer of the corrosion products on the samples. However, for the coated sample, the values of E corr and OCP were the same to the nearest two decimal places, which means a uniform electrochemical property at the sample/electrolyte interface [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the microstructure, the ability of recrystallization in the Mg-1.89Mg was higher if compared to pure Zn. The Mg-involved phases in the alloy serve as grain nucleation sites and inhibit undesirable grain growth [ 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Furthermore, Jarzębska [ 22 ] supposes that the eutectic phase in the hypoeutectic Zn-Mg alloys results in a continuous dynamic recrystallization as a result of the construction of new grain boundaries achieved by the progressive misorientation of the adjacent sub grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mg Addition and PMMA Coating on the Biodegradation Behaviour of Extruded Zn Material

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Although zinc (Zn) is one of the elements with the greatest potential for biodegradable uses, pure Zn does not have the ideal mechanical or degrading properties for orthopaedic applications. The current research aims at studying the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of pure Zn (used as a reference material) and Zn alloyed with 1.89 wt.% magnesium (Mg), both in their extruded states as well as after being coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The grafting-from approach was used to create a PMMA covering. The “grafting-from” method entails three steps: the alkali activation of the alloys, their functionalization with an initiator of polymerization through a phosphonate-attaching group, and the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) to grow PMMA chains. Electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests were carried out in a simulated body fluid (SBF), and both confirmed the enhanced corrosion behaviour obtained after coating. The electrochemical test revealed a decrease in the degradation rate of the alloy from 0.37 ± 0.14 mm/y to 0.22 ± 0.01 mm/y. The immersion test showed the ability of complete protection for 240 h. After 720 h of immersion, the coated alloy displays minute crevice corrosion with very trivial pitting compared to the severe localized (galvanic and pitting) corrosion type that was detected in the bare alloy.

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Microstructure, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and bio-corrosion of micro-alloyed Mg–xSn–0.04Mn alloys for biodegradable orthopedic applications: Effect of processing techniques

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of Extrusion on Mechanical Property, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of the As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y-Sr Alloy

Effect of Extrusion on Mechanical Property, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of the As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y-Sr Alloy

Optimal design of high‐performance rare‐earth‐free wrought magnesium alloys using machine learning

Effect of Mg Addition and PMMA Coating on the Biodegradation Behaviour of Extruded Zn Material

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