Microstructure evolution of rapidly fabricated Gd2-Nd Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) by spark plasma sintering

Lu, Xirui; Shu, Xiaoyan; Wang, Lan; Shao, Dadong; Zhang, Haibin; Yuan, Xun; Chi, Fangting

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.221

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This outcome is in accordance with the XRD results of nanocrystalline powders, which can be attributed to lattice expansion caused by Nd doping. The phenomena of this study are somewhat different from previous report [29] . Lu et al have used SPS (1700 °C sintering temperature) to prepare ceramics with a grain size of about 9 μm.…”

Section: Aqueous Durabilitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…6. At the same time, the results are compared with previous research [29] . It can be seen that the sample density prepared by the three sintering methods decreases with the increase of Nd content.…”

Section: Aqueous Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mandal et al have investigated the phase relation and thermal expansion behavior of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 -Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 system using conventional sintering methods [28] . Since then, Lu et al have also prepared and characterized Gd 2 − x Nd x Zr 2 O 7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) ceramics using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology [29] . The sample grain size prepared by the two methods are in the micron scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Liu

ZHANG²,

Deng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this work, Nd3+ was used as a surrogate and it was incorporated into Gd2Zr2O7 nanocrystalline ceramics to simulate the immobilization of trivalent actinide elements. A series of Gd2 − xNdxZr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) nanocrystalline powders were fabricated by solvothermal method, and then Gd2 − xNdxZr2O7 sub-microncrystalline ceramics were prepared by sintering via self-propagating chemical furnace plus quick pressing (SCF/QP). All powders are in defective fluorite structure, and Nd doping hardly change the powder grain size. After analyzing the sintered ceramics, it can be found that the transition from defective fluorite structure to pyrochlore structure occurs when x ≥ 1.5. The sample density decreases with elevated Nd content, while the grain size gradually enlarges. Besides, the normalized release rates of Nd and Zr elements in the Nd2Zr2O7 waste form are kept in low values (below 10− 5 g•m− 2•d− 1), which exhibits its excellent aqueous stability.

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Section: Aqueous Durabilitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Aqueous Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Liu

ZHANG²,

Deng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The main diffraction peaks near 29.2 (111), 33.9 (200), 48.5 (220), 57.4 (311), and 59.3 (222) of 2 theta degrees were the evidence of fluorite structure. 31,38,39 Compared with pyrochlore structure, the absence of the typical super-lattice peaks near 14 (111), 28 (311), 37 (331), 45 (511), and 51 (531) was also the evidence to prove the fluorite structure. 36,40,41 The phase of ZrC can be detected for the sample with 0 and 10 wt% TRPO waste.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of improved trialkyl phosphine oxides waste content on phase composition and density of spark plasma sintered Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ ceramics

Wei

Wen³

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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As a rapid sintering method, spark plasma sintering (SPS) process has been widely applied to immobilize nuclear waste. In this work, trialkyl phosphine oxides (TRPO) were immobilized by the mixture of Gd 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 with SPS proceedings at 1650 C in 3 minutes. X-ray diffraction results present that the solid solubility is 10 to 20 wt% and all the sintered samples show a fluorite structure. Raman spectroscopy results show that the order degree of structure decreases as waste content increases. The lattice parameters decrease with the increasing doped waste content indicating the success of waste immobilization. Densities decrease for the sample with higher waste content which mainly caused by the existence of pores. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and backscattered electron results perform the microstructure of the sintered sample. Furthermore, the leaching test shows that the sample has a considerable chemical stability. This study confirmed the possibility of rapid consolidation of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 bulk, dense ceramic with up to 10~20 wt% of immobilized TRPO waste. Highlights• Multi-nuclides waste was rapidly immobilized by Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 via SPS process.• Phase transition happened with enhanced doping content.• Density results decreased with the higher waste content.• The order degree of structure decreased as waste content increased.• The sintered matrix represented considerable chemical stability. K E Y W O R D S ceramic, Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 , immobilization, SPS, TRPO waste Ningning He and Guilin Wei contributed equally to this work.

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“…The SPS method as described in this work, has been used to achieve samples with higher theoretical density in a shorter processing time and minimal grain growth compared to conventional sintering methods. Recently, SPS has been heavily investigated as a process for fabricating waste forms 19 – 24 , including the phases of interest to the work presented here: hollandite 25 , zirconolite 26 , 27 , and pyrochlore 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of multiphase ceramic designer waste forms

Clark

Tumurugoti

Sundaram

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The long-term performance, or resistance to elemental release, is the defining characteristic of a nuclear waste form. In the case of multiphase ceramic waste forms, correlating the long-term performance of multiphase ceramic waste forms in the environment to accelerated chemical durability testing in the laboratory is non-trivial owing to their complex microstructures. The fabrication method, which in turn affects the microstructure, is further compounding when comparing multiphase ceramic waste forms. In this work, we propose a “designer waste form” prepared via spark plasma sintering to limit interaction between phases and grain growth during consolidation, leading to monolithic high-density waste forms, which can be used as reference materials for comparing the chemical durability of multiphase waste forms. Designer waste forms containing varying amounts of hollandite in the presence of zirconolite and pyrochlore in a fixed ratio were synthesized. The product consistency test (PCT) and vapor hydration test (VHT) were used to assess the leaching behavior. Samples were unaffected by the VHT after 1500 h. As measured by the PCT, the fractional Cs release decreased as the amount of hollandite increased. Elemental release from the zirconolite and pyrochlore phases did not appear to significantly contribute to the elemental release from the hollandite phase in the designer waste forms.

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Microstructure evolution of rapidly fabricated Gd2-Nd Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) by spark plasma sintering

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Effect of improved trialkyl phosphine oxides waste content on phase composition and density of spark plasma sintered Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ ceramics

Preparation and characterization of multiphase ceramic designer waste forms

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Microstructure evolution of rapidly fabricated Gd2-Nd Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) by spark plasma sintering

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Rapid Synthesis and Chemical Durability of Gd2- x Nd x Zr2O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) Sub-Micron Ceramics as Nuclear Waste Forms

Effect of improved trialkyl phosphine oxides waste content on phase composition and density of spark plasma sintered Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramics

Preparation and characterization of multiphase ceramic designer waste forms

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Product

Resources

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Effect of improved trialkyl phosphine oxides waste content on phase composition and density of spark plasma sintered Gd ₂ Zr ₂ O ₇ ceramics