The
fabrication of thin films comprising ordered nanowire assemblies
with emerging, precisely defined properties and adjustable functionalities
enables highly integrated technologies in the fields of microelectronics
and micro system technology, as well as for efficient power generation,
storage, and utilization. Shear force, theoretically, is deemed the
most promising method for obtaining in-plane, uniaxial thin films
comprising nanowires. The success depends largely on the assembly
process, and uniform structural control throughout multiple length
scales can be achieved only if a rational strategy is executed. Here,
we report that in shearing processes dopants such as lyotropic cellulose
nanorods can give rise to the uniaxial alignment of V2O5·nH2O nanowires. Our systematic
study indicates that this finding, namely, the nanocombing effect,
can be a general principle for the continuous production of uniaxial
thin films comprising densely packed nanowires varying in chemical
composition and aspect ratios. Conversion of the V2O5·nH2O constituents via in situ oxidative polymerization leads to in-plane,
uniaxial polyaniline (PANI) thin films with anisotropic electric and
optical properties, which are otherwise difficult to fabricate due
to the poor processability of PANI. The uniaxial PANI thin films can
be utilized to fabricate flexible gas sensors for distinguishing various
analytes, including similar homologues such as methanol and ethanol.
We expect the methodology to be applied to a broad spectrum of synthetic
and biogenic nanowires for the integration of their collective properties
in high-performance electronic devices.