Microstructure evolution and hardness of S30C carbon steel produced by powder bed fusion using an electron beam and subsequent heat treatments

Gui, Yunwei; Bian, Huakang; Aoyagi, Kazuhiko; Chiba, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2022.133096

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Figure 11(b1-2) shows the inverse pole figure (IPF) maps taken from the columnar and refined prior austenite zones, manifesting a comparatively fine lath-like martensitic microstructure in random crystallographic orientation throughout the sample. Such morphology is commonly observed in additively manufactured carbon steel [32] and martensitic stainless steel [33]. In each layer deposition and subsequent solidification, prior austenite grains (PAGs) grow towards the maximum heat flow direction from the solid-liquid interface [34].…”

Section: Grain Morphology Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Investigation of 300M ultra-high-strength steel deposited by wire-based gas metal arc additive manufacturing

Wang,

Diao,

Taylor

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Abstract300 M ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) is widely used to produce landing gear components for aircraft. The conventional manufacturing route for these components involves extensive machining and significant material wastage. Here, the application of wire-based gas metal arc additive manufacturing to produce 300 M UHSS parts was investigated. In particular, the influence of torch shielding atmosphere on the process stability and material performance of 300 M UHSS was investigated. The shielding gases used for comparison are pure Ar, Ar with 2.5% CO2, Ar with 8% CO2, Ar with 20% CO2, and Ar with 2% CO2 and 38% He. It was found that the arc length decreased, the transfer mode changed from spray to droplet mode, and spattering became more severe as the CO2 proportion increased. Additionally, replacing Ar with He led to a broader arc core, and a slightly shorter arc length and maintained a spray transfer, which decreased spatter. The wall surface roughness followed the trend in spatter, becoming worse with the increasing CO2 proportion, and better with He addition. Adding CO2 and He in pure Ar significantly increased the bead and wall width. The microstructure and mechanical properties exhibited a strong location dependence in the as-built state, with fresh martensite and higher strength in the top region, and tempered martensite and better ductility in the reheated bulk. Generally, torch shielding gas composition appeared to have no significant effect on the microstructure evolution. This study provides a reference for the subsequent application of gas metal arc additive manufacturing to aircraft landing gear mass production to achieve a high deposition rate and process stability simultaneously.

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Section: Grain Morphology Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Investigation of 300M ultra-high-strength steel deposited by wire-based gas metal arc additive manufacturing

Wang,

Diao,

Taylor

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Machine-Learning-Assisted Development of Carbon Steel With Superior Strength and Ductility Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

Gui,

Aoyagi,

Bian

et al. 2023

Metall Mater Trans A

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In this study, based on a novel support vector machine optimization method, a wide processing window for manufacturing defect-free S25C carbon steel by electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) was identified. Samples with same energy densities exhibited similar microstructures and mechanical properties. One sample showed an optimum strength and elongation combination of 459.3 MPa and 57.6 pct. The pearlite region with irregular cementite particles was the first to crack during deformation, and the cracks gradually expanded into the surrounding area. Ferrite, cellular structures, and pearlite with parallel and straight cementite particles could effectively modulate the deformation by slip and enhance the plasticity of the S25C parts. After quenching, the strength improved to an unprecedented value of 1722.5 MPa owing to the presence of martensite and dislocation entanglements, with an elongation of 16.8 pct. The strength decreased after further tempering, and the plasticity evidently increased, with an optimum strength and elongation combination of 722.7 MPa and 44.2 pct, respectively. The microstructure of tempered sample contained lath martensite, cementite particles, and sparse dislocation lines. These results demonstrate that the current method can serve as a powerful tool for effectively optimizing the high-dimensional parameters of the EB-PBF process to produce carbon steel with excellent mechanical properties.

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From soft to ultrahard over 1000 HV: Engineering the hardness of FeMnAl(Cu) medium entropy alloys by unlocking the potential of β-Mn precipitation

Zuo,

Fu,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Acta Materialia

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Microstructure evolution and hardness of S30C carbon steel produced by powder bed fusion using an electron beam and subsequent heat treatments

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of 300M ultra-high-strength steel deposited by wire-based gas metal arc additive manufacturing

Investigation of 300M ultra-high-strength steel deposited by wire-based gas metal arc additive manufacturing

Machine-Learning-Assisted Development of Carbon Steel With Superior Strength and Ductility Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

From soft to ultrahard over 1000 HV: Engineering the hardness of FeMnAl(Cu) medium entropy alloys by unlocking the potential of β-Mn precipitation

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