Microstructure dependence of performance degradation for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on the metallic catalyst infiltrated La- and Ca-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> anode support

Ni, Chengsheng; Lu, Lanying; Miller, David; Cassidy, Mark; Irvine, John T. S.

doi:10.1039/c7ta09534a

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The stability of the cell with TFN-36 was investigated under LPG fuel at a bias of 0.5 V and one can see that the cell suffers from degradation over the initial 26 hours, the power of cell decreased from 65 mW cm -2 to 36 mW cm -2 (Figure S5). For an anode with n-type titanate perovskite, similar degradation was found under a H2 fuel and this could be related to the oxidation of anode under bias that causing the decrease in oxygen vacancy and microstructure variation [12]. Nonetheless, with LPG as fuel, the degradation can also come from the carbon deposition or sulfide that inhibits the diffusion of fuel to the anode/electrolyte interface [14,58].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Fabrication and Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 66%

“…The extension of reaction sites is usually reported to be efficient if ionic oxides and metal catalyst (such as Ni, Pt and Pd) are impregnated sequentially [11,12,26,54], and thus the polarization resistance determined from the cell with Pd impregnation alone indicates that the ionic conductivity of TFN-36 under the fuel condition is inferior to the GDC.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Fabrication and Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

Liu

Xie

Irvine

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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The advantage of n-type semiconductor for an anode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) lies in its higher electronic conductivity in reducing atmosphere than in air. In this study, n-type FeNbO4-based oxides that can be reduced at temperatures below 700 o C for a conductivity above 1 S cm -1 are explored as anode materials for a ceria-based SOFC utilizing liquefied-petroleum-gas (LPG) fuel apart from pure H2. Fe0.8Nb1.2O4 with 20 at.% Fe deficiency was founded in the sample sintered at 1250 o C. The structure stability of FeNbO4 under reducing atmosphere can be improved by its solid solution with a lessreducible TiO2 that also stabilizes the high-temperature -PbO2 type structure with mixed Fe 3+ and Nb 5+ cation. In particular, a full cell employing Ti0.36(Fe0.985Nb1.015)0.84O4, a stable and electrically conductive (1 S cm -1 ) oxide in 5% H2, as anode shows a powder density of 180 mW cm -2 at 700 o C if 0.5 wt.% Pd is impregnated to increase the electrocatalysis and the electric loss is mostly from the electrolyte. The oxide anode showed a degradation (20% during the 5 to 26 hours aging) and the carbon deposition is slight after 5-hour operation under an LPG fuel.[1] and are not restrained by efficiency limitations applicable to heat engines (i.e. the Carnot cycle). The potential widespread use of SOFCs also depends on the availability of fuel[2]. Comparing to the low-temperature proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the advantage of an all-ceramic SOFC device could be the ability to use carbonaceous fuel, i.e. carbon monoxide, methane et al., other than pure H2 fuel[3-6]. The fuel versatility of an SOFC increases the fuel availability since the infrastructure for carbonaceous fuel is mature, which will facilitate the commercialization of this technique and reduce the additional cost on H2 storage and transport[2]. The conventional nickelbased anode catalyzing the oxidation of the H2 fuel on GDC electrolyte is Ni(O)-GDC cermet and a high performance (e.g. 2 W cm 2 at 550 o C)[7] has been achieved via the optimization of the cathode materials and the thinning of the electrolyte[8]. However, the carbon deposition or coking process of the Ni under a carbonaceous fuel would prohibit the long-term operation for continuous power supply[9] and thus novel oxide perovskites, such as (La, Sr)(Cr, Mn)O3, Sr2MoMO6 (M=Mg, Cr or Mn) and (La, Sr)TiO3, has been developed for the operation under hydrocarbon fuels[10-20].Generally, both nand p-type semiconducting oxides can be used as the anode materials in an SOFC. La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 is a paradigmatic p-type semiconducting oxide showing a decreased conductivity under reducing atmosphere of fuel than in air, while (La, Sr)TiO3 is an n-type semiconductor showing superior stability and conductivity if is fully reduced[21] at elevated temperatures [22] (above 750 o C under H2). However, an SOFC under the intense in-situ reduction at elevated temperature for anodes can possibly induce the reduction of the GDC electrolyte, causing the increase of electronic conduction and i...

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Section: Fuel Cell Fabrication and Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Fuel Cell Fabrication and Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

Liu

Xie

Irvine

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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“…[59] Furthermore, a continuation of this work that focused on optimization of the impregnated metallic catalyst component was performed by Ni et al [60] At a lower operating temperature of 700 °C, an ASC of similar format, whose anode was impregnated with 3 wt% Ni, gave a maximum power output of 112 mW cm −2 [60] (in comparison to 162 mW cm −2 for the 4 wt% Ni impregnated anode of Lu et al [59] at the same temperature). However, replacement of 25 wt% of the Ni catalyst by Fe resulted in an increase in maximum power output to 275 mW cm −2 , in addition to substantially increased stability during operation of the SOFC over a period of ≈60 h. [60] Although, the ceramic processing methods, SOFC formats, and fuel gas compositions employed in the research of Tiwari et al, Lu et al, and Ni et al are quite different to those employed at HEXIS, the information on the behavior of SOFC anodes that contain different combinations and compositions of impregnated catalyst components, provided by these studies, has been extremely informative in the further development of co-impregnated LSCT A− anodes. When considering this research alongside that of Verbraeken et al, two key pieces of information about catalyst system design become clear: i) a Reproduced with permission.…”

Section: Testing Of Impregnated Lsct A− Anodes Under Differing Operatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Price

Cassidy

Grolig

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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and useful electrical power from a fuel gas (e.g., natural gas), at much higher conversion efficiencies than conventional combustion methods. [1,2] This method of heat and electricity co-generation makes SOFC technology ideal for use in micro-combined heat and power (µ-CHP) units, particularly in the 1-5 kW (electrical power) output class, which may be used to satisfy the total heat and electricity demand of family homes and small businesses. An example of such a unit is the Galileo 1000 N, produced by HEXIS AG between 2013 and 2018. [3] This µ-CHP unit was successfully commercialized with more than 100 units being installed in a variety of locations across Western Europe, each providing 1 kW of electrical power and 20 kW of heat (from an auxiliary burner). [4,5] Currently, the Swiss SOFC manufacturer is focusing on the development of the next-generation SOFC-based µ-CHP unit, designed to provide an increased electrical power output of 1.5 kW at a higher electrical efficiency. [3,6] Typically, high-temperature SOFC (operating at 700-850 °C) are produced using traditional, well-studied, and effective material sets, which have been tailored to suit the requirements of each component. For example, air electrodes (cathodes) are often made from composites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and strontium-substituted lanthanum manganite (LSM) [7][8][9] or composites of cerium gadolinium oxide (CGO) and strontium-substituted lanthanum cobaltite (LSC), [9,10] ferrite (LSF), [11] or cobaltite ferrite (LSCF). [8,[12][13][14][15][16] Electrolytes used in SOFC operating within this temperature regime are zirconia stabilized, commonly, with scandia or yttria (ScSZ or YSZ), [2] while fuel electrodes (anodes) traditionally comprise composites of Ni and either YSZ or CGO. [2,17] However, despite the excellent performance that can be obtained using these materials, there are several challenges posed, specifically, by the anode materials, that must be addressed in order to provide greater resistance to harsh operating conditions in next-generation SOFC systems. These ceramic-metal composites (cermets) of YSZ/CGO and Ni exhibit redox instability, due to the propensity of Ni to agglomerate, in addition to sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition during exposure to unprocessed natural gas feeds. [1,18] Several different materials design approaches have been identified and explored in an attempt to mitigate the limitations of the Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack technology offers a reliable, efficient, and clean method of sustainable heat and electricity co-generation that can be integrated into micro-combined heat and power (µ-CHP) units for use in residential and small commercial environments. Recent years have seen the successful market introduction of several SOFC-based systems, however, manufacturers still face some challenges in improving the durability and tolerance of traditional Ni-based ceramic-metal (cermet) composite anodes to harsh operating conditions, such as redox and thermal cycling, overload exposure, sulfur poisonin...

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“…Infiltration of a small amount of metal catalysts on the surface of an oxide anode could be a promising method to enhance the performance and to lower the deposition of carbon [10][11][12][13][14] . However, the recent advancement in oxide anode showed that the in situ exsolution of metal nanoparticles in reducing atmosphere from an oxide anode containing reducible cations could enhance the stability of the metal particles by suppressing the thermallyinduced grain growth and coking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with Pd catalyst at a constant voltage of 0.7 V showed some degradation (<10%) in the 24 hour's ageing at 700 o C.Degradation of a fuel cell with an LSCT anode was also found and this could be related to the microstructure change of the catalyst or the interaction between the oxide backbone and the superficial catalyst13 . As Pd could maintain the metallic state under slightly reducing atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure 2 < 10 -5 bar at 800 o C), an increased oxygen partial pressure could induce the re-oxidation of LFNT and decrease the oxide-ion vacancies.…”

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confidence: 97%

A B-site doped perovskite ferrate as an efficient anode of a solid oxide fuel cell with in situ metal exsolution

Zeng

et al. 2019

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Microstructure dependence of performance degradation for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on the metallic catalyst infiltrated La- and Ca-doped SrTiO₃ anode support

Abstract: High peak power density and slow performance degradation for Ni–Fe infiltrated LSCTA− anode resulted from a favourable interaction between NiFe and the perovskite backbone due to the formation of a Fe-rich oxide interface layer.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

A B-site doped perovskite ferrate as an efficient anode of a solid oxide fuel cell with in situ metal exsolution

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Microstructure dependence of performance degradation for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on the metallic catalyst infiltrated La- and Ca-doped SrTiO3 anode support

Abstract: High peak power density and slow performance degradation for Ni–Fe infiltrated LSCTA− anode resulted from a favourable interaction between NiFe and the perovskite backbone due to the formation of a Fe-rich oxide interface layer.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

An FeNbO4-based oxide anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

A B-site doped perovskite ferrate as an efficient anode of a solid oxide fuel cell with in situ metal exsolution

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Microstructure dependence of performance degradation for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on the metallic catalyst infiltrated La- and Ca-doped SrTiO₃ anode support

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration