Microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of titanium intermetallic alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing with high-temperature preheating using gas atomized and mechanically alloyed plasma spheroidized powders

Polozov, Igor; Sufiiarov, Vadim; Kantyukov, Artem; Razumov, Nikolay; Goncharov, Ivan; Makhmutov, Tagir; Silin, A. O.; Kim, Artem; Starikov, Kirill; Shamshurin, A. I.; Popovich, Anatoly

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101374

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To date, however, no study has examined the role of particle morphology on the achievable surface roughness, relative density and mechanical properties of maraging steel 300 by holding constant the L-PBF processing parameters. Perhaps the ongoing development of new in situ techniques for L-PBF process monitoring/diagnostics, i.e., [73][74][75], will allow enhanced process reliability by compensating for feedstock variations in real-time fabrication, and ultimately facilitate the production of components exhibiting enhanced material performance.…”

Section: Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel 300 Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Mooney

Kourousis

2020

Metals

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Maraging steel is an engineering alloy which has been widely employed in metal additive manufacturing. This paper examines manufacturing and post-processing factors affecting the properties of maraging steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). It covers the review of published research findings on how powder quality feedstock, processing parameters, laser scan strategy, build orientation and heat treatment can influence the microstructure, density and porosity, defects and residual stresses developed on L-PBF maraging steel, with a focus on the maraging steel 300 alloy. This review offers an evaluation of the resulting mechanical properties of the as-built and heat-treated maraging steel 300, with a focus on anisotropic characteristics. Possible directions for further research are also identified.

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Section: Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel 300 Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Mooney

Kourousis

2020

Metals

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“…The SLM process uses metallic powders as a feedstock material. Various research works have shown that pre-alloyed powders allow obtaining a material with a more homogeneous microstructure and stable mechanical properties [17][18][19]. However, the production of pre-alloyed powders is usually time and labor consuming, especially in the case of custom alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi-Based Eutectic Shape Memory Alloy Produced via Selective Laser Melting In-Situ Alloying by Nb

Polozov

Popovich

2021

Materials

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This paper presents the results of selective laser melting (SLM) process of a nitinol-based NiTiNb shape memory alloy. The eutectic alloy Ni45Ti45Nb10 with a shape memory effect was obtained by SLM in-situ alloying using a powder mixture of NiTi and Nb powder particles. Samples with a high relative density (>99%) were obtained using optimized process parameters. Microstructure, phase composition, tensile properties, as well as martensitic phase transformations temperatures of the produced alloy were investigated in as-fabricated and heat-treated conditions. The NiTiNb alloy fabricated using the SLM in-situ alloying featured the microstructure consisting of the NiTi matrix, fine NiTi+β-Nb eutectics, as well as residual unmelted Nb particles. The mechanical tests showed that the obtained alloy has a yield strength up to 436 MPa and the tensile strength up to 706 MPa. At the same time, in-situ alloying with Nb allowed increasing the hysteresis of martensitic transformation as compared to the alloy without Nb addition from 22 to 50 °C with an increase in Af temperature from −5 to 22 °C.

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“…AM of orthorhombic titanium alloys has been limited so far due to the challenges in terms of cracking susceptibility [ 7 ], microstructural homogeneity [ 8 ], and feedstock powder availability [ 9 ]. Elemental powder blends were used in the SLM process without high-temperature platform preheating to fabricate a Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy via in situ synthesis [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this approach allowed for the obtainment of a Ti 2 AlNb-based alloy, the mechanical properties were poor due to cracking of the alloy. Due to high thermal stresses occurring during the SLM process, it is necessary to use high-temperature platform preheating to suppress cracking and obtain defect-free intermetallic alloys [ 7 , 12 ]. As shown in the previous research [ 7 ], 200 °C platform preheating temperature during the SLM of an orthorhombic alloy was not sufficient to mitigate cracking and the preheating temperature should be maintained above 600 °C to avoid cold cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Inhomogeneity and Tailoring the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Titanium Orthorhombic Alloy by Heat Treatment, Hot Isostatic Pressing, and Multiple Laser Exposures

et al. 2021

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Titanium orthorhombic alloys based on intermetallic Ti2AlNb-phase are attractive materials for lightweight high-temperature applications. However, conventional manufacturing of Ti2AlNb-based alloys is costly and labor-consuming. Additive Manufacturing is an attractive way of producing parts from Ti2AlNb-based alloys. High-temperature substrate preheating during Selective Laser Melting is required to obtain crack-free intermetallic alloys. Due to the nature of substrate preheating, the temperature profile along the build height might be uneven leading to inhomogeneous microstructure and defects. The microstructural homogeneity of the alloy along the build direction was evaluated. The feasibility of mitigating the microstructural inhomogeneity was investigated by fabricating Ti2AlNb-alloy samples with graded microstructure and subjecting them to annealing. Hot isostatic pressing allowed us to achieve a homogeneous microstructure, eliminate residual micro defects, and improve mechanical properties with tensile strength reaching 1027 MPa and 860 MPa at room temperature and 650 °C, correspondingly. Annealing of the microstructurally graded alloy at 1050 °C allowed us to obtain a homogeneous B2 + O microstructure with a uniform microhardness distribution. The results of the study showed that the microstructural inhomogeneity of the titanium orthorhombic alloy obtained by SLM can be mitigated by annealing or hot isostatic pressing. Additionally, it was shown that by applying multiple-laser exposure for processing each layer it is possible to locally tailor the phase volume and morphology and achieve microstructure and properties similar to the Ti2AlNb-alloy obtained at higher preheating temperatures.

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Microstructure, densification, and mechanical properties of titanium intermetallic alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing with high-temperature preheating using gas atomized and mechanically alloyed plasma spheroidized powders

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

A Review of Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel 300 Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

A Review of Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel 300 Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi-Based Eutectic Shape Memory Alloy Produced via Selective Laser Melting In-Situ Alloying by Nb

Mitigating Inhomogeneity and Tailoring the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Titanium Orthorhombic Alloy by Heat Treatment, Hot Isostatic Pressing, and Multiple Laser Exposures

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