Microstructure characteristics and formation mechanisms of in situ WC cemented carbide based hardmetals prepared by Selective Laser Melting

Gu, Dongdong; Meiners, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.08.075

Cited by 114 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Different microstructural manifestations were observed, featuring different appearances of components dissolubility and agglomeration that depend on the mixing ratio and applied process parameters. Similar observations were made by Gu et al for a mixture of W, Ni and graphite powder processed by LBM to create in situ WC/Ni 2 W 4 (M 6 C) cemented carbide based hardmetals [9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Nanoparticle improved metal materials for additive manufacturing

2017

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A variety of laser systems and powder materials is available for additive manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion of metallic parts (laser beam melting). The required energy density for a sufficient melting of powder materials strongly depends on the optical properties of the used powder (e.g., absorption, reflection and transmittance). During laser irradiation a moving melt pool is generated in the laser heat affected zone. Re-solidification of the molten particles results in interconnected welding lines similar to those of traditional welding processes. Here, the layer by layer approach combined with a selective laser exposure in cross-sectional areas of the parts enable the generation of 3D structures from the powder bed. The mechanical properties of such fabricated structures are usually comparable to the mechanical properties of the bulk material the powder particles are made of. In this paper, a proof of principle is demonstrated to receive improved mechanical or other properties of parts being manufactured by laser beam melting. The approach addresses laser beam melting of the commonly available powder materials tool steel (1.2709) and Hastelloy X (2.4665) which are additionally modified with nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 ) on their surfaces. Due to the shortage of these two available nanoparticle modified materials (about 100 g each) only relatively small test specimens are manufactured and, therefore, only limited typical characteristic values could be determined. However, the nanoparticle modified and laser beam molten 3D structures were systematically characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, micro hardness indentation and etching analysis. It turns out that modification of the educt powder surfaces with nanoparticles prior to laser beam melting can improve e.g., mechanical properties of the generated 3D structures.Keywords Additive manufacturing Á Powder bed fusion (laser beam melting) Á Laser-generation of nanomaterials Á Tool steel (1.2709) and Hastelloy X (2.4665)

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Nanoparticle improved metal materials for additive manufacturing

2017

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“…According to Mercelis & Kruth [194] and Gu & Meiners [195], residual stresses are not always disadvantageous in SLM fabricated parts because its retention at a reasonable level enhances the part's hardness provided a sufficiently high densification without the formation of cracks or pores could be achieved. Moreover, the rapid solidification effect imparted on the as- with the loose fragments at the edges of grooves revealing the local severe deformation and plowing of the surface during sliding.…”

Section: Hardness and Wear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

Olakanmi

Mullis

Dalgarno

2015

Progress in Materials Science

1,396

526

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“…This was partly associated to the WC structure where a hexagonal unit cell without any symmetrical center exists, requiring more energies to develop tips of block shape WC. Accordingly, different laser speeds lead to various structures and therefore properties (Figure c) …”

Section: “In Situ” Mechanisms During Slm Of Powder Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting to Manufacture “In Situ” Metal Matrix Composites: A Review

et al. 2019

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After a brief introduction on selective laser melting (SLM) and "ex situ" manufacture of metal matrix composites (MMCs), this paper reviews the capacities and benefits of SLM to activate and control various "in situ" reactions during fabrication of 3D parts. It introduces several systems (such as etc.) used to manufacture Al-based, Ti-based, and steel-based "in situ" MMCs. Then, it illustrates the novel microstructural characteristics of these SLM-made "in situ" MMCs for different cases, as they may appear from nano-particles to nano-whiskers and dendritic reinforcements homogeneously distributed in a metal matrix. It also focuses on SLM associated "in situ" mechanisms, explaining how an "in situ" reaction propagates based on "decomposition, diffusion, and reformation" and how the growth mechanisms turn into different morphologies such as rounded particles, whiskers, or polygonal block shapes. The influence of various SLM parameters (such as energy density, laser power/speed, powder layer thickness, and the size of initial powder particles) and the SLM "in situ" challenges are also discussed.

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Microstructure characteristics and formation mechanisms of in situ WC cemented carbide based hardmetals prepared by Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 114 publications

References 27 publications

Nanoparticle improved metal materials for additive manufacturing

Nanoparticle improved metal materials for additive manufacturing

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

Selective Laser Melting to Manufacture “In Situ” Metal Matrix Composites: A Review

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