Microstructure and varistor properties of Pr–Co co-doped ZnO ceramics obtained by sol–gel method

Sun, Weijie; Yang, Rong; Qu, Xiao; Wang, Maohua; Zhang, Hanping

doi:10.1007/s10854-017-6780-2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(d) Nonlinear coefficient α against the number of performance enhancers in the Cr-added ZnO-based varistors. Some literature data are listed for comparison. ,,− ,− ,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Ultrahigh-Performance ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics

Tian

Zheng

Podlogar

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The nonlinear response of a material to an external stimulus is vital in fundamental science and technical applications. The power-law current–voltage relationship of a varistor is one such example. An excellent example of such behavior is the power-law current–voltage relationship exhibited by Bi 2 O 3 -doped ZnO varistor ceramics, which are the cornerstone of commercial varistor materials for overvoltage protection. Here, we report on a sustainable, ZnO-based varistor ceramic, without the volatile Bi 2 O 3 , that is based on Cr 2 O 3 as the varistor former and oxides of Ca, Co, and Sb as the performance enhancers. The material has an ultrahigh α of up to 219, a low I L of less than 0.2 μA/cm 2 , and a high E b of up to 925 V/mm, making it superior to state-of-the-art varistor ceramics. The results provide insights into the design of materials with specific characteristics by tailoring states at the grain boundaries. The discovery of this ZnO-Cr 2 O 3 -type varistor ceramic represents a major breakthrough in the field of varistors for overvoltage protection and could drastically affect the world market for overvoltage protection.

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“…(d) Nonlinear coefficient α against the number of performance enhancers in the Cr-added ZnO-based varistors. Some literature data are listed for comparison. ,,− ,− ,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Ultrahigh-Performance ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics

Tian

Zheng

Podlogar

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Other theories suggest that the aging due to DC and AC is caused by changes in Scottish barriers. According to their methodology, the important reasons for aging caused by DC and AC are ion transfer and diffusion, which may be related to oxygen and invasive zinc ions [14].…”

Section: Aging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Conductive Process of Nano ZnO Varistors Based on Animation Plane Form

Liu

2020

Journal of Chemistry

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Among many nano materials and chemical materials, zinc oxide nanomaterials have attracted researchers’ interest because of their high efficiency, low cost, easy preparation, and variable morphology. The purpose of this study is to explore the fabrication and conductive process of nano ZnO varistors under the simulation of an animation plane form. In this study, the chemical vapor deposition method was used to prepare nano ZnO. Then, ZnO nanomaterials were mixed with deionized water to form a suspension. Under the action of a micromechanical stirrer, impurities were removed by heat treatment, and then different amount of water was added to obtain a nano ZnO electrode. The conductive process and electrochemical properties of the nano ZnO electrode were investigated and analyzed. The results show that the pressure ratio of the varistor increases obviously after adding nano ZnO. In the range of 0–30%, the pressure ratio of the ZnO varistor increases with the increase in nano ZnO content. When w (nano ZnO) is 30%, the voltage ratio reaches 1.149 and the oxidation peak current ratio of LD decreases by 6%. Therefore, it is concluded that the electrode of nano ZnO varistor valve sheets maintains good stability for a LD conductivity detection process. It also plays an important role in electrochemical research.

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“…The varistor behaviour is derived by sintering ZnO powder with other metal oxide additives such as Bi 2 O 3 and Pr 6 O 11 and doped with a small amount of transition metal oxides such as Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , and TiO 2 [6,7]. The capability of ZnO varistor is improved by first testing their effect alone and then adding some metal oxide additives to enhance their electrical properties [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearity Characteristics of Low-Voltage Barium Titanate Based Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Modified by Cobalt Dopants

Shaifudin¹,

Ghazali

Ikhmal³

et al. 2021

JICS

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Application of ZnO varistor at low voltage has increased significantly due to the high demands of low-voltage electronics with high nonlinearity characteristics and low leakage current. The varistor ceramics were developed via solid-state reaction method and the resultant sample was analyzed by means of SEM, EDS and XRD. The nonlinearity characteristics of ZnO varistor ceramics for different contents of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) at a given barium titanate (BaTiO3) amount were analyzed based on the J-E characteristics measurement. The increased value of nonlinear coefficient (α) equal to 4.8 was exhibited by the sample made with 12 wt.% BaTiO3 additive. As the concentration of dopant (Co3O4) incorporated was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 wt.%, the varistor voltage limit decreased from 8.9 V/mm to 7.0 V/mm, respectively. Additionally, the barrier height increased from 0.88 to 0.98 eV for 0.0 wt.% to 1.0 wt.% of Co3O4 concentration, respectively. The highest α of 7.2 was obtained at 0.5 wt.% Co3O4 and decreased with further doping content due to to the reduction of barrier height caused by the variation of electronic state at the grain boundaries.

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Microstructure and varistor properties of Pr–Co co-doped ZnO ceramics obtained by sol–gel method

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Novel Ultrahigh-Performance ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics

Novel Ultrahigh-Performance ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics

Simulation of the Conductive Process of Nano ZnO Varistors Based on Animation Plane Form

Nonlinearity Characteristics of Low-Voltage Barium Titanate Based Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Modified by Cobalt Dopants

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