Microstructure and tribological properties of in-situ TiC-C/Cu nanocomposites synthesized using different carbon sources (graphite, carbon nanotube and graphene) in the Cu-Ti-C system

Sadeghi, Nazanin; Aghajani, Hossein; Akbarpour, M.R.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.08.316

Cited by 63 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Enhanced stiffness of the developed Cu-Ti alloy makes it a promising candidate for sliding electrical contacts and diamond binders [ 25 ]. Previously, a considerable enhancement of tribological performance of copper was achieved using Cu-Ti coatings [ 26 ] as well as by engineering of Cu-Ti-C [ 27 ] and Cu-Ti-Sn-C [ 28 ] nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder

et al. 2020

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Reactive powder composites Cu-(0–15%)TiH2 containing up to 5% native Cu2O were manufactured by high energy ball milling and then hot-pressed to produce bulk nanostructured copper–matrix alloys reinforced by Cu3Ti3O inclusions. Two high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) protocols were employed for the fabrication of Cu-Ti alloys: single-stage and two-stage ball milling, resulting in an order of magnitude refinement of TiH2 particles in the reactive mixtures. Single-stage HEBM processing led to the partial retention of Ti in the microstructure of hot-pressed specimens as the α-Ti phase and formation of fine-grained (100–200 nm) copper matrix interspersed with 5–20 nm Cu3Ti3O precipitates, whereas the two-stage HEBM led to the complete conversion of TiH2 into the Cu3Ti3O phase during the hot pressing but produced a coarser copper matrix (1–2 μm) with 0.1–0.2 μm wide polycrystalline Cu3Ti3O layers on the boundaries of Cu grains. The alloy produced using single-stage HEBM was characterized by the highest strength (up to 950 MPa) and electrical conductivity (2.6 × 107 Sm/m) as well as the lowest specific wear rate (1.1 × 10−5 mm3/N/m). The tribological performance of the alloy was enhanced by the formation of Cu3Ti3O microfibers in the wear debris, which reduced the friction coefficient against the Al2O3 counter-body. The potential applications of the developed alloys are briefly discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder

et al. 2020

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“…For copper matrix composites, one of the promising reinforcements is titanium carbide, TiC, which is the most thermodynamically stable compound in the Ti–C–Cu system. TiC–Cu composites have recently been obtained through different processing routes [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The synthesis of carbide-containing composite materials from different sources of carbon has attracted attention due to the possibility of controlling the size of the carbide particles and their distribution in the matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis of carbide-containing composite materials from different sources of carbon has attracted attention due to the possibility of controlling the size of the carbide particles and their distribution in the matrices. Sadeghi et al [11] studied the effect of the carbon source used for the synthesis of in-situ TiC–Cu on the phase formation of the composites and their tribological properties. In that study, carbon nanotubes, graphite, and graphene were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

et al. 2019

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Titanium carbide (TiC), is the most thermodynamically stable compound in the Ti–C–Cu system, which makes it a suitable reinforcement phase for copper matrix composites. In this work, the interaction of a Ti–Cu alloy with different forms of carbon was investigated to trace the structural evolution leading to the formation of in-situ TiC–Cu composite structures. The reaction mixtures were prepared from Ti25Cu75 alloy ribbons and carbon black or nanodiamonds to test the possibilities of obtaining fine particles of TiC using ball milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). It was found that the behavior of the reaction mixtures during ball milling depends on the nature of the carbon source. Model experiments were conducted to observe the outcomes of the diffusion processes at the alloy/carbon interface. It was found that titanium atoms diffuse to the alloy/graphite interface and react with carbon forming a titanium carbide layer, but carbon does not diffuse into the alloy. The diffusion experiments as well as the synthesis by ball milling and SPS indicated that the distribution of TiC particles in the composite structures obtained via reactive solid-state processing of Ti25Cu75+C follows the distribution of carbon particles in the reaction mixtures. This justifies the use of carbon sources that have fine particles to prepare the reaction mixtures as well as efficient dispersion of the carbon component in the alloy–carbon mixture when the goal is to synthesize fine particles of TiC in the copper matrix.

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“…Therefore, the various carbon sources affect the productions formed by SHS reaction [11]. It has been reported that the carbon nanotube and graphene as carbon sources impart enhanced tribological properties [12]; CB favors the formation of nano-metric TiC-carbon composite with a smaller particle size, as the most effective carbon allotrope for hindering the sintering of TiC under high temperature [13]. However, there is an interesting phenomenon-that the explosive reaction between graphite and titanium powder occurs under atmospheric pressure at 973 K with a transiently glaring flame, which inspired us to excavate its reaction mechanism, in order to explain the curious phenomenon.Consequently, the real-time measurement of heat release property involved in titanium blended with different carbon allotropes is preliminarily investigated, which is detected and recorded by cone calorimeter (CC) and thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), respectively, using FG, CB, EG, and VG as different carbon sources to react with titanium powder at an external heat flux of 973 K. Meanwhile, the mercerization of different carbon allotropes by NaOH-impregnation aims to investigate the effect of impurities involved in various carbon sources on the explosive reaction of Ti/C blended powders, due to that the impurities mainly belong to combustible organics within CB, which are prone to transform into volatiles and disturb the solid-state reaction involved in Ti/C blended powders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

Wang

Zhao

2019

Metals

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Ti/C blended powder is commonly employed as an initiating combustion agent for preparing calcium aluminate; a dedicated test system is exploited for real-time examining of the heat release of Ti/C blended powder during combustion under atmosphere conditions with an externally constant heat flux of 973 K, which is comprised of cone calorimeter, thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer, and a theoretical thermal calculation, with the aim of quantitatively illuminating its combustion mechanism in depth. Furthermore, a comparison of the heat release property of titanium powder blended with different carbon allotropes, including natural flaky graphite (FG), carbon black (CB), expandable graphite (EG), and vermicular graphite (VG) is preliminarily investigated, to clarify the effect of different carbon allotropes on the heat release property of Ti/C blended powder. It reveals that the oxidation reaction between Ti and O 2 initiates the subsequent combination of TiC through a thermal explosion reaction, using graphite (FG, VG, or EG) and Ti powder as the starting materials, respectively. Moreover, EG facilitates an accelerated (fire growth index of 0.42 kW·m −2 ·s −1 ) and enhanced peak heat release rate (pHRR) of 30.7 kW·m −2 at 73 s, while VG suppresses the heat release with the pHRR of 5.2 kW·m −2 at 64 s and fire growth index of 0.08 kW·m −2 ·s −1 , and FG favors the formation of TiC with a higher crystallinity from XRD. Additively, the prior NaOH-impregnation is favorable for the formation of TiC for Ti/CB blended powder, although the TiO 2 predominates final combustion production. It reveals the chemical evolution and mechanisms evolved in the formation of TiC during ignition.Metals 2019, 9, 981 2 of 16 contains expandable graphite (EG), vermicular graphite (VG), or expanded graphite after instantaneous expansion of EG, and natural flaky graphite (FG), which hold obviously different micro-structures and properties. Therefore, the various carbon sources affect the productions formed by SHS reaction [11]. It has been reported that the carbon nanotube and graphene as carbon sources impart enhanced tribological properties [12]; CB favors the formation of nano-metric TiC-carbon composite with a smaller particle size, as the most effective carbon allotrope for hindering the sintering of TiC under high temperature [13]. However, there is an interesting phenomenon-that the explosive reaction between graphite and titanium powder occurs under atmospheric pressure at 973 K with a transiently glaring flame, which inspired us to excavate its reaction mechanism, in order to explain the curious phenomenon.Consequently, the real-time measurement of heat release property involved in titanium blended with different carbon allotropes is preliminarily investigated, which is detected and recorded by cone calorimeter (CC) and thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), respectively, using FG, CB, EG, and VG as different ...

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Microstructure and tribological properties of in-situ TiC-C/Cu nanocomposites synthesized using different carbon sources (graphite, carbon nanotube and graphene) in the Cu-Ti-C system

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

RETRACTED: Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder

RETRACTED: Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder

Interaction of a Ti–Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

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