Microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Si-WSi2 nanocomposites

Stoetzel, J.; Schneider, Tom; Mueller, Mathis M.; Kleebe, Hans‐Joachim; Wiggers, Hartmut; Schierning, Gabi; Schmechel, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.069

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fortunately, such parameters can be optimized to give a decent zT value. Several works in the recent two decades have studied the potential of elemental silicon as a thermoelectric material in various forms [118][119][120][121][122][123]. For instance, a work conducted by Bux et al compared the performances of synthesized nanostructured bulk Si and Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 and found that the thermal conductivity of nanostructured bulk Si could be significantly reduced and ultimately produce a zT of 0.7 at 1200 K. While in the initial days, extensive silicon purification did not pose much of a problem, the waste from the first-generation electronics boom in recent years has caused it to become a major issue.…”

Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

et al. 2022

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Thermoelectrics can convert waste heat to electricity and vice versa. The energy conversion efficiency depends on materials figure of merit, zT, and Carnot efficiency. Due to the higher Carnot efficiency at a higher temperature gradient, high-temperature thermoelectrics are attractive for waste heat recycling. Among high-temperature thermoelectrics, silicon-based compounds are attractive due to the confluence of light weight, high abundance, and low cost. Adding to their attractiveness is the generally defect-tolerant nature of thermoelectrics. This makes them a suitable target application for recycled silicon waste from electronic (e-waste) and solar cell waste. In this review, we summarize the usage of high-temperature thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in applications such as commercial aviation and space voyages. Special emphasis is placed on silicon-based compounds, which include some recent works on recycled silicon and their thermoelectric properties. Besides materials design, device designing considerations to further maximize the energy conversion efficiencies are also discussed. The insights derived from this review can be used to guide sustainable recycling of e-waste into thermoelectrics for power harvesting.

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Section: Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

et al. 2022

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“…Nanostructured silicon is a promising material for lithium-ion batteries [1,2], photovoltaics systems [3,4], photocatalysis [5], nanoenergetics materials [6], and thermoelectrics [7,8]. Metallurgical-grade silicon is industrially produced by carbothermal reduction of silica [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carbon-Free Way for Obtaining Nanoscale Silicon

Lyakhov

Grigoreva

Talako

et al. 2022

Powders

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The nanosized silicon powder has been produced by reduction of silica with magnesium in an argon medium using both the mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and the direct mechanochemical synthesis and has been investigated by X-ray phase analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optimal Mg:SiO2 ratio has been found to provide the minimum content of contaminant impurities of magnesium silicide and silicate in mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. For the first time, direct mechanochemical synthesis of Si via reduction of silica with magnesium has been implemented. Optimal component ratio and mechanical activation parameters have been determined, yielding Si/MgO composites without impurity phases (magnesium silicide and silicate). A purification procedure has been proposed for separating silicon obtained from magnesium oxide and other impurity phases. The ratio of initial components has been determined, at which purified silicon has the least amount of impurities. The particle size of silicon powder obtained was 50–80 nm for the mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and 30–50 nm for the direct mechanochemical synthesis.

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“…But Ge is an expensive and rare element, limiting the large-scale terrestrial applications of Si 1– x Ge x . Therefore, several groups ,− focused on the research of Ge-free silicon TE materials, among which Bux et al obtained a record of zT = 0.7 at 1200 K for n-type Ge-free silicon. A very high concentration of phosphorous (P) dopant was hereby shown to be necessary for higher zT .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance n-Type Ge-Free Silicon Thermoelectric Material from Silicon Waste

Liu

Zhang

Wolff

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Silicon waste (SW), a byproduct from the photovoltaic industry, can be a prospective and environmentally friendly source for silicon in the field of thermoelectric (TE) materials. While thermoelectricity is not as sensitive toward impurities as other semiconductor applications, the impurities within the SW still impede the enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT. Besides, the high thermal conductivity of silicon limits its applications as a TE material. In this work, we employ traditionally metallurgical methods in industry reducing the impurities in SW to an extremely low level in an environmentally friendly and economical way, and then the thermal conductivity of purified silicon is greatly reduced due to the implementation of multiscale phonon scattering without degrading the power factor seriously. Benefiting from these strategies, from 323 to 1123 K, for the sample made from purified silicon waste, the average zT, relevant for engineering application, is increased to 0.32, higher than that of the state-of-the-art n-type Ge-free bulk silicon materials made from commercially available silicon, but the total cost of our samples is negligible.

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Microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Si-WSi2 nanocomposites

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

A Carbon-Free Way for Obtaining Nanoscale Silicon

High-Performance n-Type Ge-Free Silicon Thermoelectric Material from Silicon Waste

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