Microstructure and Residual Stresses in a Friction Stir Welded Butt Joint of as-cast ZK60 Alloy Containing Rare Earths

Silva, Erenilton Pereira da; Oliveira, Verona Biancardi; Pereira, Victor Ferrinho; Maluf, Omar; Buzolin, Ricardo Henrique; Pinto, Haroldo Cavalcanti

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0899

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to the literature although [28][29][30][31] the welding temperature is always lower than the base material melting point, however during the process, the welding temperature is high enough to change the material phase. Therefore, due to the influence of the heat in producing acceptable welding quality, the study of the welding thermal history is significant [32][33][34].…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Of Fsw (Friction Stir Welding)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Different Finite Element Methods in the Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

Meyghani

Awang

Emamian

et al. 2017

Metals

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a novel kind of welding for joining metals that are impossible or difficult to weld by conventional methods. Three-dimensional nature of FSW makes the experimental investigation more complex. Moreover, experimental observations are often costly and time consuming, and usually there is an inaccuracy in measuring the data during experimental tests. Thus, Finite Element Methods (FEMs) has been employed to overcome the complexity, to increase the accuracy and also to reduce costs. It should be noted that, due to the presence of large deformations of the material during FSW, strong distortions of mesh might be happened in the numerical simulation. Therefore, one of the most significant considerations during the process simulation is the selection of the best numerical approach. It must be mentioned that; the numerical approach selection determines the relationship between the finite grid (mesh) and deforming continuum of computing zones. Also, numerical approach determines the ability of the model to overcome large distortions of mesh and provides an accurate resolution of boundaries and interfaces. There are different descriptions for the algorithms of continuum mechanics include Lagrangian and Eulerian. Moreover, by combining the above-mentioned methods, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach is proposed. In this paper, a comparison between different numerical approaches for thermal analysis of FSW at both local and global scales is reviewed and the applications of each method in the FSW process is discussed in detail. Observations showed that, Lagrangian method is usually used for modelling thermal behavior in the whole structure area, while Eulerian approach is seldom employed for modelling of the thermal behavior, and it is usually employed for modelling the material flow. Additionally, for modelling of the heat affected zone, ALE approach is found to be as an appropriate approach. Finally, several significant challenges and subjects remain to be addressed about FSW thermal analysis and opportunities for the future work are proposed.

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Section: Thermal Analysis Of Fsw (Friction Stir Welding)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Different Finite Element Methods in the Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

Meyghani

Awang

Emamian

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…All reported a compressive residual stress in the sub-surface layer of the shot peened samples. Other studies measured the residual stresses from welding Mg alloys at different distances from the weld centerline: friction stir welding of AZ31 [ 7 ], friction stir welding of ZK60 [ 8 ], tubular laser welding of AZ31 [ 9 ], butt joint welding of AZ31B and 304L steel alloy by hybrid laser-TIG [ 10 ], and laser beam welding of AZ31B [ 11 ]. The residual stress in the longitudinal and transverse directions of AZ91 welded by a CO 2 laser as well as the in-depth distribution of residual stress using the layer removal method were studied by Kouadri and Barrallier [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Surface Residual Stress Measurement in Magnesium Alloys Using X-Ray Diffraction

Yazdanmehr

Jahed

2020

Materials

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X-ray penetration in magnesium alloys is significant due to the low X-ray mass attenuation coefficient. To measure the surface residual stresses in magnesium alloys, a correction needs to be made to account for penetration depth. The residual stresses in as-received and shot peened AZ31B-H24 rolled sheet samples were measured using two-dimensional X-ray diffraction (2D-XRD) method. The electro-polishing layer removal method was used to find the residual stress pattern at the surface and through the depth. The results show that the corrected residual stresses in a few tens of micrometers layer from the surface differ from the raw stresses. To better estimate the residual stress distribution in the surface, the grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) technique was applied. Additionally, micrographs of the lateral cross-section of the peened specimens confirmed the presence of microcracks in this region, causing the residual stresses to vanish. Due to the low X-ray absorption coefficient of Mg alloys, this study shows how a small uncertainty in a single raw measurement leads to high uncertainty in the corrected residual stresses. The results were corroborated with the hole drilling method of residual stress measurements. The corrected X-ray diffraction (XRD) results are in close agreement with the hole drilling and GIXD results.

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“…In some industries the use of magnesium alloy is very limited due to its poor workability and limited number of existing slip systems in the hexagonal close-packed structure [1][2][3] . Magnesium alloy has found application in structural components such as aerospace and automobile industries [4][5][6] For example, magnesium parts are used in various vehicles in automotive industries such as Benze, Chrysler Jeep, Renault 18 Turbo and Ford light truck vehicles. The usage of magnesium alloy has reduced fuel consumption, due to the light weight of the engine 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Scroll Pin Profile and Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

Ramaiyan

Santhanam

Muthuguru³

2018

Mat. Res.

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In this study, an effort has been made to choose an appropriate tool pin profile and rotational speed for a tool using a submerged friction stir processed hot rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy. A defect free process region was obtained using a novel tool shoulder, which consisted of a scroll. Three tool pin profiles, namely, simple cylindrical, stepped cylindrical and stepped square pin have been used. Tensile properties and fracture behavior revealed defect free friction stir processed specimens. The microstructural studies reveal the possibility of producing a defect free processed region using the stepped square pin tool geometry. The presence of fine recrystallized grains (1.99 µm) and the absence of defects in the processed region lead to higher hardness and superior tensile properties.

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Microstructure and Residual Stresses in a Friction Stir Welded Butt Joint of as-cast ZK60 Alloy Containing Rare Earths

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

A Comparison of Different Finite Element Methods in the Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

A Comparison of Different Finite Element Methods in the Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

On the Surface Residual Stress Measurement in Magnesium Alloys Using X-Ray Diffraction

Effect of Scroll Pin Profile and Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

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