Microstructure and properties of FeCrMoVC tool steel produced by selective laser melting

Sander, J.; Hufenbach, J.; Giebeler, Lars; Wendrock, H.; Kühn, U.; Eckert, J.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.148

Cited by 150 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This further demonstrates that the SLM process leads to an improvement in the mechanical properties of a material, which is caused by the refined microstructure in the SLM state [9,10,12,25,26]. Meanwhile, Gu et al [11] reported that the nanoindentation hardness of H13 fabricated by a laser cladding process (9 ± 2 GPa) is similar to the hardness values of H13 produced by SLM at scanning speeds lower than 400 mm/s, as the nanoindentation strain rate is 0.1 s −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…An additive manufacturing (AM) technique, which builds parts from 3D digital models typically by a layer additive process, has been an effective method to solve these problems [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Accordingly, AM of hot-work steels, including H13, has attracted increasing attention due to the potential of AM to transform the die-making industry, i.e., greatly shortened time for mold making, positive mechanical properties, and an advantage to realize conformal cooling [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Selective laser melting (SLM), which is a powder-bed-fusion-based AM process, has been widely used due to its ability to produce intricate molds with not only near-full density but also a refined microstructure [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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This paper demonstrates the successful printing of H13 tool steel by a selective laser melting (SLM) method at a scan laser speed of 200 mm/s for the best microstructure and mechanical behavior. Specifically, the nanoindentation strain-rate sensitivity values were 0.022, 0.019, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.035 for SLM H13 at laser scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mm/s, respectively. This showed that the hardness increases as the strain rate increases and, practically, the hardness values of the SLM H13 at the 200 mm/s laser scan speed are the highest and least sensitive to the strain rate as compared to H13 samples at other scan speeds. The SLM processing of this material at 200 mm/s laser scan speed therefore shows the highest potential for advanced tool design. Residual stress is expected to affect the hardness and shall be investigated in future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…During SLM process, energy density [J/mm 3 ] can be calculated by using the following equation [13]:…”

Section: Processing Parameters Selection and Samples Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive models for physical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting

Bartolomeu

Faria

Carvalho

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: A

105

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“…However, especially subtractive manufacturing processes, such as drilling, are strongly restricted in terms of undercuts or internal structures, limiting the geometrical complexity of the manufactured tools. During the last years, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have gained importance in the production of complex‐shaped parts and represent an alternative manufacturing route for complex‐shaped tools . A highly developed AM process for the production of steel parts is laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of X65MoCrWV3‐2 Cold Work Tool Steel by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Boes

Röttger

Theisen

2019

steel research int.

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Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of forming tools has become of major interest in the tooling industry because of the high geometrical flexibility of this process. During L-PBF, a metallic powder bed is melted selectively by a laser beam, enabling the layer-wise manufacturing of parts from 3D computer-aided design data. The process is characterized by a locally and temporally unsteady heat flow in the solidified part and in the melt pool, causing nonequilibrium solidification and phase transformations. In addition, rapid heating and cooling occur, promoting the formation of microstructural defects, cold cracks, and distortion. Because of the high tendency to form cold cracks, processing of martensitic tool steels is still a challenging task. Tool steel X65MoCrWV3-2 is processed by L-PBF and the resulting microstructure and the associated local properties are investigated by microhardness measurements, nanoindentation, and scanning electron microscopy. It is gathered from the investigations that regions of different microstructures and mechanical properties on both micro-and macroscale are present in the L-PBF-densified steel. The different microstructures and properties are the result of the alternating heat insert at different temperature regimes, forming heat-affected zones in which the tempering processes are triggered and strongly varying properties are generated.

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Microstructure and properties of FeCrMoVC tool steel produced by selective laser melting

Cited by 150 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Predictive models for physical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting

Processing of X65MoCrWV3‐2 Cold Work Tool Steel by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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