“…The electromagnetic performance of LRE-Ba 2 Cu 3 O (light rare earth, LRE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd; LRE123) materials is much better than that of Y-123. As already shown in several reports [1][2][3] NEG-123 (NEG = Nd 1− − Eu Gd ) bulk superconductors exhibit superior pinning characteristics, uniform microstructure and good reproducibility. However, for applications above 77 K, a further pinning enhancement, especially in high magnetic fields, is needed.…”