Microstructure and phase evolution in laser clad chromium carbide-NiCrMoNb

Venkatesh, L.; Samajdar, I.; Tak, Manish; Doherty, R.D.; Gundakaram, R.; Prasad, K. Satya; Joshi, Shrikant V.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.260

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Interaction times calculated by beam diameter divided by traverse speed in Refs. [23,29] were 0.125-0.750 s compared to 0.0029 s used in this work. According to XRD scans and EBSD analyses, these secondary needle-like carbides According to an inverse pole figure (IPF) image, there is a strong preferred orientation of grains in the secondary carbides on the right-hand side of the image in Fig.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 53%

“…This observation of survived primary carbides differs a bit from the results reported in Refs. [23,29], where the complete melting of fine primary carbides made of agglomerated and sintered powder took place in conventional laser cladding. Complete melting can be attributed to a significantly longer interaction time between the laser beam and the material in conventional than in high-speed laser cladding.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In overlay welding, it typically melts and precipitates as hard hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Cr 7 C 3 and face centered cubic (fcc) Cr 23 C 6 or mixed M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 secondary carbides [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Chromium carbide reinforced overlay welded coatings have been developed, for instance, for cutting knives [22], nuclear reactor components [16], well drilling and oil extraction equipment [19], dies and molds [15], hot rolling mill rolls [20], and boiler tubes [23]. The developed coatings have been found to improve significantly high temperature (HT) sliding wear resistance of cast steels [20], HT oxidation and erosion-corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel [15,19], and sliding wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-speed laser cladding of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-based coatings

Tuominen,

Kiviö,

Balusson

et al. 2023

Weld World

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Fusion-bonded and low-diluted overlay welded coatings are frequently very thick (>1mm). High-speed laser cladding is a novel process capable of producing thin fusion-bonded and low-diluted coatings with high coverage rates and low heat input. In this study, for the first time, high-speed laser cladding was used to fabricate relatively thin Ni-based coatings reinforced with chromium carbides onto low-alloy structural and quenched and tempered steels. Obtained coatings were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical and wear properties were tested with Vickers microhardness measurements and three-body dry-sand rubber wheel abrasion tests (RWAT). It was shown that high-speed laser cladding produces 0.2–0.3-mm-thick coatings, which consist of ultrafine-substructured hypereutectic M7C3 structures reinforced with coarser primary Cr3C2 particles. Coatings with hardness up to 1300 HV0.05 exhibited high wear resistance in low-stress three-body abrasion. Coatings developed can be used as alternatives for hard-chrome plated coatings.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-speed laser cladding of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-based coatings

Tuominen,

Kiviö,

Balusson

et al. 2023

Weld World

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“…In this paper, high-carbon ferrochrome was added to the Ni45 alloy, and as a result more chromium carbides could form due to the high Cr content of high-carbon ferrochrome. After the laser cladding process, the carbides were usually found to be Cr 7 C 3 and Cr 23 C 6 [15][16][17]. Such hard phases are very brittle, making the matrix alloy less ductile and more susceptible to the high thermal stress imposed by the high thermal gradients and high solidification rates associated to the laser cladding process [18,19].…”

Section: Experimental Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Laser Cladded Ni45 + High-Carbon Ferrochrome Composite Coatings

Chen

et al. 2020

Materials

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A composite coating with enhanced mechanical properties including high hardness and excellent wear resistance was produced by laser cladding of mixed Ni45 and high-carbon ferrochrome powders on an ASTM 1045 steel substrate. Different quantities, ranging from 10 to 50 wt.% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder were added to the Ni45 powder to investigate the effect of mixture content on the cladding performance. The microstructure of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscope, and the wear resistance was compared using a wear tester apparatus among the different cases. The results showed that the microstructure of the coating with 30 wt.% high-carbon ferrochrome content was mainly fine solid solution phase. With the increase of high-carbon ferrochrome content to 40 wt.% and above, cracks appeared on the cladding surface due to a large amount of chromium carbides formed during the process. The microhardness was enhanced remarkably by laser cladding the composite coating on the 1045 substrate, with 2.4 times higher than the hardness of the substrate when 30 wt.% high-carbon ferrochrome content was added. The best wear performance was achieved when the high-carbon ferrochrome content was 30 wt.%, demonstrating the smallest surface roughness and depth of wear marks. With further increased high-carbon ferrochrome content, microcracking and delamination were observed on the worn surfaces.

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“…Chromium carbides prepared by ion plating, thermal spray, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or laser cladding, usually require complicated and expensive special facilities, or are difficult to prepare coatings on components with complex shapes. Moreover, the composition and properties (such as the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion) of the materials on either side of the coating/substrate interface differ significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, microstructure, and friction behavior of PIRAC chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 and T/P 24

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Chromium carbide coatings are prepared at 1173K (900°C) by powder immersion reaction-assisted coating (PIRAC) on low carbon of steel Q235 and T/P 24, respectively. After 2 hours of the PIRAC treatment, the detected phases of the coating formed on the 2 substrates are different. After 4 hours of PIRAC treatment, Cr 23 C 6 is the only detected carbide for both substrates. The morphologies of the Cr 23 C 6 coating formed on the 2 substrates are different. The Cr 23 C 6 coating prepared on Q235 has higher hardness and better sliding wear resistance against alumina ball specimens than that prepared on T/P 24. Formation mechanism of the PIRAC chromium carbide coatings is proposed and then difference of the produced coating is discussed.

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Microstructure and phase evolution in laser clad chromium carbide-NiCrMoNb

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

High-speed laser cladding of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-based coatings

High-speed laser cladding of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-based coatings

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Laser Cladded Ni45 + High-Carbon Ferrochrome Composite Coatings

Composition, microstructure, and friction behavior of PIRAC chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 and T/P 24

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