Microstructure and micro-hardness analysis of friction stir welded bi-layered laminated aluminum sheets

Tariq, Muhammad; Khan, Imran; Hussain, G.; Farooq, Umer

doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.04.010

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…FSW is a solid-state joining process for metals and was first employed for joining aluminum-based alloys [6]. Various studies have been carried out on the FSW of metals [7,8]. FSP is not considered as a solid-state method for polymeric materials, due to the different melting temperatures of different materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Impact Strength and Hardness of UHMW Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particles Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

et al. 2019

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The impact strength and surface properties of polymeric materials are of critical importance in various engineering applications. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel method for the fabrication of composite materials with superior mechanical properties. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact strength and Rockwell hardness of UHMW polyethylene composites reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite particles fabricated through FSP. The spindle speed (ω), tool traverse speed (f), volume fraction (v) of strengthening material and shoulder temperature (T) were key processing parameters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the selected processing parameters were significant. Microscopic investigations unveiled that high levels of (v, f) and low levels of (T, ω) caused agglomeration of the reinforcing particles and induced voids and channels, which consequently reduced the impact strength and hardness of the manufactured composite. However, medium conditions of processing parameters exhibited better distribution of particles with minimum defects, and hence resulted in better mechanical properties. Finally, the models to predict the impact strength and hardness are proposed and verified. Sets of process parameters favorable to maximize the impact strength and Rockwell hardness were worked out, which were believed to increase the impact strength, Rockwell hardness number, and ultimate tensile strength by 27.3%, 5.7%, and 11.2%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Impact Strength and Hardness of UHMW Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particles Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

et al. 2019

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“…[8,9]. Therefore, constrained heating and material flow are the two main functions of the tool, and the tool geometry has a significant role in determining both during the machining process (as well as the traverse rate) [10][11][12][13]. As a result, a key parameter that ensures proper joining during welding is the tool's rotation, traverse speed, angle, and shape [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective optimization of FSW variables on joint properties of AA5754 aluminum alloy using Taguchi approach and grey relational analysis

sobhy,

Elbadawi,

Zoalfakar

2023

Preprint

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The friction stir welding (FSW) process was applied to butt-weld AA5754 plates, and the joints of each weld case were identified by their tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness. The combined effects of the process variables rotation speed, welding speed, and tilt angle have been evaluated in the present study using Taguchi's design of experiments approach and grey relational analysis (GRA). A multi-objective optimization approach (Taguchi method and GRA) was used to optimize and rank the process variables. The developed models are evaluated for sufficiency, and the most significant terms are found using the ANOVA approach. The results of the ANOVA showed that the rotational speed has a maximum contribution of 55.24%, 59%, and 46.27% in obtaining the optimal values of tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively. Finding an optimal parameter that offers the maximum value of all replies requires the use of the GRA and Taguchi Technique by Similarity to Suitable Solution. The two methods provide the same results, and the optimal conditions are a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a welding speed of 60 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 2.5 degrees. The optimal values for tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively, were found to be 136 MPa, 85.25 HV, and 13 J.

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“…It is a novel variant of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), which is a solid state joining techniques first developed by The Welding Institute of Cambridge UK in 1991 for joining aluminum alloys. Later, this process was employed for welding of some other metals, polymers and composites [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the effects of the processing parameters and the number of passes on the flexural properties of polymer nanocomposite fabricated through FSP method

Farooq

Khan

Asif

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Flexural properties calculation helps in designing structural elements like beam, cantilever and shafts. Moreover, the flexural properties are of vital importance in engineering and industrial applications such as joints replacements. The purpose of this investigation is to study for the first time, how the friction stir processing (FSP) parameters affects the flexural properties of UHMW-PE composites reinforced with nano particles. The tool rotational speed (ψ), tool feed rate (ƒ), volume percentage (ν) of nano powder and tool shoulder temperature (τ) are selected as the process parameters. The ultimate flexural strength (UFS) and flexural yield strength (FYS) are calculated from the flexural test stressstrain diagrams. The analysis of variance is conducted which reveals that the selected parameters are significant for both UFS and FYS. Macroscopic and microscopic study shows that the FSP parameters affects the mixing of the strengthening particles and hence the flexural properties of the composite. The combinations of low level of ν with medium level values of other parameters results in the highest flexural properties. Moreover, the combinations of higher levels of τ and ψ results in material degradation. At the end, optimum conditions for the highest flexural properties are sorted out and the effect of increasing the number of passes has been investigated which significantly improve the flexural properties of the composite material.

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Microstructure and micro-hardness analysis of friction stir welded bi-layered laminated aluminum sheets

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Investigation of Impact Strength and Hardness of UHMW Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particles Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

Investigation of Impact Strength and Hardness of UHMW Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Particles Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

Multi-objective optimization of FSW variables on joint properties of AA5754 aluminum alloy using Taguchi approach and grey relational analysis

Investigation on the effects of the processing parameters and the number of passes on the flexural properties of polymer nanocomposite fabricated through FSP method

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