Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase layers produced by a duplex treatment on C17200 copper–beryllium alloy

Yan, Mufu; Zhu, Yueying; Zhang, C.S.; Zhang, Y.X.; Wang, Y.X.; Li, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.130

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The appearance of intermetallics at 850°C was favored in the following way: CuTi 2 >CuTi>Cu 3 Ti. It had been shown CuTi 2 , Cu 3 Ti and CuTi with recurrence inside the material in the different concentrations due to the Gibbs energy in this range of temperature [6,33]: ΔG CuTi2 =−20.59 kJ.mol −1 , ΔG CuTi =−15.06 kJ.mol −1 , ΔG Cu3Ti =−14.24 kJ.mol −1 . The presence of CuTi was observed in several of the microanalyses and the stability analysis shown that its existence was possible due to the low concentration.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similar tribological systems of interaction between parts with intermetallics of the laminar type in the titanium particles and the friction generated by a steel pin had been observed in previous studies [42], evidencing that the increase of titanium has a positive effect on the decrease of wear rates and wear coefficient. In addition, the increase of intermetallic layers as described by Yan et al [33] has a positive effect under wear conditions in cause of the compacted oxide films formation by the wear processes on the surface and greatly reduce the wear rate between the friction counterparts. In the case of the composites at 850°C due to the high hardness of the phases at this temperature; adhesive effects can be observed in a similar tribological pair as described in previous works [54], in view of the mechanical differences between the intermetallic propagation and the pin, generating an adhesion of pin materials on the surface of study due to the decrease of plastic deformation and the smaller contact area.…”

Section: Tribological Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the CuTi and CuTi 2 in the present study were recurring in comparison to Cu 4 Ti 3 that require a longer time to promote their growth. Another important element was the low formation enthalpy of CuTi and CuTi 2 with titanium increments [32,33], and the Gibbs energy associated to the precipitations of these phases at 750°C [6,33]: ΔG CuTi =−15.71 kJ.mol −1 , ΔG CuTi2 =−22.0 kJ.mol −1 , ΔG Cu4Ti3 =−7.41 kJ.mol −1 . These values had demonstrated the stability of the intermetallics in the grain contours under the sintering temperature.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Bohórquez

Pérez

Sarmiento-Santos

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Microstructure and tribological properties had been studied in a Cu-Ti-1%TiC MMC with titanium concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composite was manufactured following the pulvimetallurgical route that included: mechanical and ultrasonic mixing in 2-propanol, compaction at 400 MPa and sintering assisted by abnormal glow discharge in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen and 90% argon. The discharge was established in the direct current regime and the voltage values were adjusted according to the sintering temperatures of 750°C and 850°C. The sintering process was carried out for 30 min and then cooled in the same atmosphere. As a result, a differentiated in morphology and wear properties were obtained in the sintered parts. At 750°C a microstructure characterized by the stability of Ti grains with intermetallic precipitates such as CuTi 2 and CuTi were observed at the interface with the matrix. On the other hand, the intermetallic phases as Cu 3 Ti, Cu 4 Ti and CuTi 2 had been detected in the sintered at 850°C. These phases were related to diffusive processes that occurred during the sintering, enhanced by the energy provided by the process. It had been observed that with increase of titanium content an improvement of the MMC tribological properties. In titanium contents of 20% at 750°C was estimated a wear coefficient of 2.7 × 10 −8 mm 3 .N −1 .m −1 with a track width of 312 μm. Despite the pores originated during the sintering of MMC at 850°C was found a wear coefficient value of 2.4 × 10 −8 mm 3 .N −1 .m −1 and a track size of 778 μm, related to the plastic deformation exerted on the porous structures during the wear process. Results of the tribological analysis lead that this compound may be applied in fields where the balance between adequate tribological properties and lightness are highly required such as the automotive, aeronautical and biomedical industries.

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Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Tribological Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Microstructure Of the Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Bohórquez

Pérez

Sarmiento-Santos

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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“…The surface modification by the plasma nitriding or thermo-diffusion process is applied to improve the wear properties of the manufactured parts. Indeed, plasma nitriding of the Ti based alloys has been widely applied to improve the wear properties [1][2][3][4][5][6], and the achieved positive results lead us to expand its application in the surface treatment by the plasma nitriding of the prefabricated Ti film on the Cu alloys and Al alloys [7][8][9][10]. Unfortunately, the surface modification process by simple plasma nitriding process on the alloy substrate resulted in the weak bonding between the coating and the substrate, especially for the fabrication of thick coatings used in harsh environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a previous study showed that the thermo-diffusion of the Ti film contributed to the obviously improved surface hardness and the wear resistance [11], where the formation of nano-crystalline titanium nitride was identified [12,13], and the plasma nitriding temperature is of great significance for the obtained mechanical properties. The plasma nitriding treatment at varying temperatures indicated that the plasma nitriding at 650 • C for 4 h contributed to the formation of an optimized phase composition and mechanical properties [7,9,13], The prefabrication of the Cu-Ti film was carried out in a UDP450 closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering device. The pure Ti (99.99%) and Cu (99.99%) targets in the size of 330 mm × 134 mm × 12 mm were applied, and the copper alloy substrates were placed on the workpiece plate with a diameter of 200 mm, in the center of the vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Prefabricated Cu-Ti Film on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Multiphase Coating by Thermo Plasma Nitriding on C17200 Cu Alloy

et al. 2019

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To improve the surface wear resistance, plasma nitriding of the prefabricated Cu-Ti films on the C17200 Cu alloy is performed to investigate the effects of the composition of the Cu-Ti films on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the modified surface. The results firstly showed that obvious microstructure evolution appeared during the thermo-plasma nitriding process, where both the surface morphology of the composed phases and the cross-sectional profiles of the multiphase coatings varied for the three types of films. Small amounts of Ti-N compounds, Be 3 Ti 2 Cu, and different types of Cu-Ti intermetallics formed in the multiphase coating after plasma nitriding, which is dependent on the composition of the prefabricated Cu-Ti film. Correspondingly, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the C17200 Cu substrates were obviously improved, with the obtained adhesive strength of the substrate reaching a satisfactory range. Coatings 2019, 9, 694 2 of 15where the Cu-Ti intermetallics of varying Cu/Ti ratios and the Ti-N compounds of different Ti content were identified. The simulation results by the first-principle study also indicated the possibility for the formation of these phases and the possible contribution to the improvement of the surface mechanical properties [14,15]. However, the low efficiency of the surface modification process prompts us to propose the novel process by combination of the fabrication of a gradient Cu-Ti film and the plasma nitriding in our recent research, which shows great potentiality to produce the multiphase coating efficiently, with the obtained wear properties at the same level [16], which can also help to solve the problem of weak bonding strength between the single-layered Ti-N coating and the subsurface layer by the formation of Cu-Ti intermetallics between the Cu substrate and the Ti-N surface layer [8]. Actually, the Cu content in the prefabricated film should also contribute to the changing mechanical properties of the coating [17,18]. However, the previous investigations paid little attention to the influence of the initial Cu-Ti film composition on the obtained mechanical properties for the multiphase coating on C17200 Cu alloys.This paper discusses a further study on the effects of the prefabricated Cu-Ti film on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the multiphase coating by thermo plasma nitriding on C17200 Cu alloy. First, the microstructure and the surface characteristic of the prefabricated Cu-Ti film were studied. Then, the microstructure evolution during the plasma nitriding process was explored. Finally, the mechanical properties and the wear performance of the three types of coatings were evaluated. Materials and Methods Experimental Material and MethodThe chemical composition of the C17200 Cu alloy is listed in Table 1. The copper alloy bar was processed into a size of φ20 mm × 4.5 mm, by wire-cutting for the subsequent surface modification treatment, the structure analysis of the modified layer, and the mechanical performance tes...

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Synthesis of Ti–Nb–C–N based composite coating on AISI-4340 steel by modified cathodic cage plasma deposition

et al. 2023

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase layers produced by a duplex treatment on C17200 copper–beryllium alloy

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge

Effects of the Prefabricated Cu-Ti Film on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Multiphase Coating by Thermo Plasma Nitriding on C17200 Cu Alloy

Synthesis of Ti–Nb–C–N based composite coating on AISI-4340 steel by modified cathodic cage plasma deposition

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