Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-built and heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by cold metal transfer additive manufacturing

Jian, Gou; Shen, Junqi; Hu, Shengsun; Tian, Yinbao; Liang, Ying Chun

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.04.012

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Spherical pores were observed in the MIM preforms (porosity 0.06%) and L-PBF section (porosity 0.01%) of as-built samples, whilst the heat treatment densified the L-PBF structure and led to further porosity free composition (porosity < 0.003%), Figure 2a,b. This is additional evidence that HT cycles are a necessary post-processing step to minimize any microstructural inhomogeneity of L-PBF components [52]. However, it had a negative impact on the MIM preforms as it introduced larger pores, and some damage was observed in Figure 2b,c, probably due to the expansion and release of entrapped gasses and/or residual binders from the bulk during the HT cycle.…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 75%

The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Surface Integrity, Microstructure and Strength of Hybrid Metal Injection Moulding, and Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Stainless-Steel Components

et al. 2021

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Hybrid manufacture of components by combining capabilities of replication and additive manufacturing processes offer a flexible and sustainable route for producing cost-effectively small batches of metal parts. At present, there are open issues related to surface integrity and performance of such parts, especially when utilising them in safety critical applications. The research presented in this paper investigates the ductility amplification of hybrid components produced using metal injection moulding to preform and then build on them customisable sections by laser-based powder bed fusion. The properties of such hybrid components are studied and optimised through the use of non-conventional post treatment techniques. In particular, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is employed to improve mechanical strength and to produce hybrid components that have consistent properties across batches and throughout the samples, minimising microstructural heterogeneities between fabrication processes. Thus, the investigated post-processing method can offer an extended service life of hybrid components, especially when operating under severe conditions. The optimised post treatment was found to increase the hybrid components’ strength compared to as-built ones by 68% and ~11% in yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), respectively. Subsequently, leading to a great pitting resistance, thus, making HIP samples suitable for corrosive environments. The advantages of the HIP treatments in comparison to the conventional heat treatment of hybrid components are discussed and also some potential application areas are proposed.

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Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 75%

The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Surface Integrity, Microstructure and Strength of Hybrid Metal Injection Moulding, and Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Stainless-Steel Components

et al. 2021

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“…Another alternative to improve the balance of mechanical properties is the application of thermal treatments [16][17][18][19]. These thermal treatments are commonly applied by industrial stress relieving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Post-Deposition Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by CMT-WAAM

Vázquez¹,

Rodriguez²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2021

Metals

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Cold metal transfer (CMT)-based wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been investigated to manufacture walls with two different building strategies. This study focuses on the influence of the application of thermal treatments on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. Deep microstructural analysis revealed different grades of growth of lamellae α phase after several thermal treatments at different temperatures, which lead to different tensile mechanical properties and better strength and ductility balance compared to the as-built condition. Results are compared with equivalent forged and casting standards and the state of the art for WAAM of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. At temperatures of 920 °C, anisotropy was maintained and elongation increased by 70% while yield strength and UTS was slightly decreased by 8%.

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“…rough the heat treatment, materials with high hardness and ductility can be obtained [21]. In arc additive manufacturing, the Lorentz force, temperature gradient shear stress, plasma shear stress, and heat flow distribution on the molten pool surface are different from those in conventional additive manufacturing [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Cold Metal Transfer Arc Additive Die Manufacturing Process

Zhang

Xing

Yang

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Due to its high efficiency, cold metal transfer (CMT) arc additive manufacturing presents considerable potential in the aluminium alloy additive manufacturing industry. However, during CMT arc additive manufacturing, the surrounding air environment promotes the lateral flow of liquid aluminium and the instability of the molten pool, reduces the surface quality and material utilisation of deposition walls, and causes internal hydrogen pores and coarse columnar grains, which negatively affect the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition walls. This study developed a CMT arc additive die manufacturing process to control the substrate material and deposition path to improve the physical properties of the deposition wall. The experimental results indicated that the copper plates can affect molten pool flow and material formation in the additive process, minimise hydrogen pores, and refine columnar grains. The porosity dropped from 2.03% to 0.93%, and the average grain size decreased from 16.2 ± 1.4 to 13.6 ± 1.3 μm, thereby enhancing the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition wall to attain standard additive manufacturing products.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-built and heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by cold metal transfer additive manufacturing

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Surface Integrity, Microstructure and Strength of Hybrid Metal Injection Moulding, and Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Stainless-Steel Components

The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Surface Integrity, Microstructure and Strength of Hybrid Metal Injection Moulding, and Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Stainless-Steel Components

Influence of Post-Deposition Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by CMT-WAAM

Development of a New Cold Metal Transfer Arc Additive Die Manufacturing Process

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