Microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel processed by different SLM devices

Röttger, Arne; Boes, J.; Theisen, W.; Thiele, Magnus; Esen, Cemal; Edelmann, André; Hellmann, Ralf

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-05371-1

Cited by 135 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows the associated microstructures of the PBF-LB/M-densified samples. All samples, A-PBF, B-PBF, and C-PBF, show a hierarchical microstructure as it was also reported for PBF-LB/-manufactured 316L steel in previous studies [ 8 , 26 , 27 ]. Fusion lines resembling the laser-generated melt pools and large-angle grain boundaries can be observed on the mesoscale.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of the Allowed Compositional Range of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel on Processability and Material Properties

et al. 2021

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This work aims to show the impact of the allowed chemical composition range of AISI 316L stainless steel on its processability in additive manufacturing and on the resulting part properties. ASTM A276 allows the chromium and nickel contents in 316L stainless steel to be set between 16 and 18 mass%, respectively, 10 and 14 mass%. Nevertheless, the allowed compositional range impacts the microstructure formation in additive manufacturing and thus the properties of the manufactured components. Therefore, this influence is analyzed using three different starting powders. Two starting powders are laboratory alloys, one containing the maximum allowed chromium content and the other one containing the maximum nickel content. The third material is a commercial powder with the chemical composition set in the middle ground of the allowed compositional range. The materials were processed by laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). The powder characteristics, the microstructure and defect formation, the corrosion resistance, and the mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the chemical composition of the powders used. As a main result, solid-state cracking could be observed in samples additively manufactured from the starting powder containing the maximum nickel content. This is related to a fully austenitic solidification, which occurs because of the low chromium to nickel equivalent ratio. These cracks reduce the corrosion resistance as well as the elongation at fracture of the additively manufactured material that possesses a low chromium to nickel equivalent ratio of 1.0. A limitation of the nickel equivalent of the 316L type steel is suggested for PBF-LB/M production. Based on the knowledge obtained, a more detailed specification of the chemical composition of the type 316L stainless steel is recommended so that this steel can be PBF-LB/M processed to defect-free components with the desired mechanical and chemical properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of the Allowed Compositional Range of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel on Processability and Material Properties

et al. 2021

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“…The density of the produced parts corresponds to the values for cast samples, and porosity corresponds to the highest requirements for the samples obtained from the powders. Laser powder bed fusion provides mechanical properties at the satisfactory level, or higher for cast samples [76][77][78][79][80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Postprocessing on Wear Resistance of Aerospace Steel Parts Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

et al. 2020

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The paper is devoted to the research of the effect of ultrasonic postprocessing—specifically, the effects of ultrasonic cavitation-abrasive finishing, ultrasonic plastic deformation, and vibration tumbling on surface quality, wear resistance, and the ability of real aircraft parts with complex geometries and with sizes less than and more than 100 mm to work in exploitation conditions. The parts were produced by laser powder bed fusion from two types of anticorrosion steels of austenitic and martensitic grades—20Kh13 (DIN 1.4021, X20Cr13, AISI 420) and 12Kh18N9T (DIN 1.4541, X10CrNiTi18-10, AISI 321). The finishing technologies based on mechanical action—plastic deformation, abrasive wear, and complex mechanolysis showed an effect on reducing the submicron surface roughness, removing the trapped powder granules from the manufactured functional surfaces and their wear resistance. The tests were completed by proving resistance of the produced parts to exploitation conditions—vibration fatigue and corrosion in salt fog. The roughness arithmetic mean deviation Ra was improved by 50–52% after cavitation-abrasive finishing, by 28–30% after ultrasonic plastic deformation, and by 65–70% after vibratory tumbling. The effect on wear resistance is correlated with the improved roughness. The effect of used techniques on resistance to abrasive wear was explained and grounded.

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“…Previous publications studied the mechanical properties of metallic SLM parts, including 316 stainless steel [10,11], Ti6Al4V [12][13][14][15], Inconel 718 [16] and aluminum alloys [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Platform Temperature and Post-Processing Heat Treatment on the Fatigue Life of Additively Manufactured AlSi7Mg Alloy

Martins

Provencher

Brochu

et al. 2021

Metals

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The effect of platform temperature combined with a T5 heat treatment on the fatigue life of additively manufactured aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg was characterized and understood. High-cycle fatigue tests were carried out on samples built with four platform temperatures (35 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C and 200 °C) and post-processing heat treatment strategies (F and T5). Microstructural and fractographic observations combined with microhardness measurements were performed. A log-normal statistical distribution regressed with 90% B-basis probabilities of survival revealed that specimens produced on a platform maintained at 80 °C and post-processed with a T5 heat treatment presented the highest fatigue life among the conditions tested. Precipitation of silicon within the aluminum cells during the T5 heat treatment is the proposed explanation for the improved fatigue life of the T5 samples. In the as-built condition, specimens produced at 200 °C were found to be less resistant to fatigue than the specimens built at lower temperatures. The coarser microstructure and lowest microhardness resulting from high-temperature manufacturing explain this reduced fatigue strength. All fatigue cracks initiated from manufacturing discontinuities. This led to a fatigue life prediction model based upon linear elastic fracture mechanics. The model was fitted to the experimental results of the F and T5 samples separately. With the exception of the 35 °C—T5 specimens, the predicted fatigue lives agree with the experimental results and literature.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel processed by different SLM devices

Cited by 135 publications

References 59 publications

Impact of the Allowed Compositional Range of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel on Processability and Material Properties

Impact of the Allowed Compositional Range of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel on Processability and Material Properties

Influence of Postprocessing on Wear Resistance of Aerospace Steel Parts Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of Platform Temperature and Post-Processing Heat Treatment on the Fatigue Life of Additively Manufactured AlSi7Mg Alloy

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