“…According to the XRD analysis, the composite material comprises several phases including Al, Al 2 O 3 , Si, Mg, Mn, and Cu. The incorporation of these phases has led to improved tensile characteristics, toughness, and energy absorption of the composite material, particularly due to the presence of Al 2 O 3 , Si, Mn, and Mg. 19 The major peak at 2θ values of 38.5° and 44.5° represents the presence of aluminum, while the five minor peaks with varying intensities at 2θ values of 28.5°, 47°, 65°, 78.5°, and 83° correspond to silicon, aluminum oxide, and aluminum. 20 Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the Al/4.5% SAC/4.5% CAES/1.5% Cr composite revealed the presence of strong components such as Al2O3, CaCO3, and Cr.…”