Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Arc Zone and Laser Zone of TC4 Titanium Alloy Laser–TIG Hybrid Welded Joint

Fan, Hao; Zhou, Peng; Li, Jie; Huang, Jiankang; Yu, Ning; Hui, Yuanyuan

doi:10.3390/met12111854

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, porosity defects appeared in multiple welds, often in welds with deeper penetration, which were related to the behavior of keyholes and are discussed in detail in Section 4.1. 4); (e) Joint ( 5); (f) Joint ( 6); (g) Joint ( 7); (h) Joint ( 8); (i) Joint (9).…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different microstructures in the fusion zone (FZ), the heataffected zone (HAZ), and the base metal (BM) cause different deformation mechanisms, resulting in a diversity of mechanical properties. Generally, the tensile strength of FZ is higher than that of the BM, but its ductility is lower [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macro-morphology of the cross-sections of the weld joints. (a) Joint (1); (b) Joint (2); (c) Joint (3); (d) Joint (4); (e) Joint (5); (f) Joint (6); (g) Joint (7); (h) Joint (8); (i) Joint(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure, Variant Selection, and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-4Al-2V Joints

Zhu,

Lu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Metals

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Laser welding of the near α-phase titanium alloy Ti-4Al-2V, used for complex components in the nuclear industry, has been rarely reported. In this study, butt weld joints made of Ti-4Al-2V alloy plates under different parameters, including the laser power, the welding speed, and the defocus distance, were manufactured and analyzed. The results showed that adjusting the combination of 4.2 kW of laser power, a 20 mm/s welding speed, and a −2 mm defocus distance could achieve a penetration depth exceeding 6 mm. Porosity defects were prone to forming in the middle and bottom parts of the fusion zone, due to rapid cooling. The microstructure of the fusion zone was mainly needle-like α martensite, which precipitated in the form of specific clusters. The interior of a cluster was composed of three types of variants with <11−20>/60° phase interfaces to achieve the lower boundary’s energy. Affected by the microstructure and welding defects, the strength of the weld joint was basically similar under different welding conditions, namely about 720 MPa, slightly higher than that of the base metal, while the rupture elongation at breaking decreased by more than 50%. The micro-Vickers hardness of the weld joints was about 50–60 HV higher than that of the base metal, while the impact toughness was about 40 KJ, almost half that of the base metal. This research lays a solid foundation for the engineering application of laser welding of Ti-4Al-2V alloys.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure, Variant Selection, and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-4Al-2V Joints

Zhu,

Lu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…During the welding process, the temperature of the molten pool metal was higher than that of the base metal, resulting in a significant temperature gradient between them. This difference in heating led to variations in the microstructure of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) at different locations [28]. According to the microstructure characteristics, the HAZ is divided into two regions: HAZ near the base metal (BM) and HAZ near the weld metal (WM).…”

Section: Weld Morphology and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Laser-Induced TIG Arc Narrow-Gap Welding Technique for TC4 Titanium Alloy Thick Plates Based on the Spatial Position Control of Laser, Arc and Filler Wire

Song,

Xu,

Lang

et al. 2024

Metals

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In this paper, a novel laser-induced TIG arc narrow-gap welding technology is proposed for thick plates of TC4 titanium alloy. The feasibility of achieving high-performance welding joints is investigated by adjusting the spatial deviation position of the laser, arc, and filler wire. The results exhibited remarkable capabilities. By augmenting the laser-arc malposition, a stable deflection of the arc can be achieved, resulting in enhanced heat input to the sidewall adjacent to the laser side and improved fusion capability. Moreover, an inclined weld can be obtained through increased malposition between the filler wire and arc, which helps to improve interlayer fusion and suppress porosity defects. This method, involving alternating bilateral offsets between passes, successfully achieved narrow-gap welding of 24 mm-thick TC4 titanium alloy with an average tensile strength of 880.68 MPa (equivalent to 95.05% of base material strength). Therefore, this technology exhibits promising potential as an automated welding technique for achieving high-quality narrow-gap welding in titanium alloys.

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“…Increasing the defocusing amount reduced laser energy density, shallowed the keyhole depth, and weakened the eddy current of the molten pool metal, suppressing keyhole-type pore defects. Fan et al [22] conducted single-pass welding tests on 5 mm thick TC4 alloy plates using laser-TIG hybrid welding. Their findings demonstrated that increasing welding current improved the tensile strength of the welded joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welded Joint of Medium-Thick TC4 Titanium Alloy

Luo,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Coatings

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This study delves into the impact toughness of medium-thick (12 mm thick) titanium alloy joints crafted through a multi-layer, multi-pass welding technique that blends laser-arc (MIG) hybrid welding technology. Microstructural scrutiny, employing optical microscopy, SEM and TEM, unveils a consistent composition across weld passes, with prevailing α/α′ phases interspersed with some β phase, resulting in basket-weave structures primarily dominated by acicular α′ martensite. However, upper regions exhibit Widmanstatten microstructures, potentially undermining joint toughness. Hardness testing indicates higher values in cosmetic layers (~420 HV) compared to backing layers and bending tests manifest superior toughness in lower joint regions, attributed to smaller grain sizes induced by repetitive welding thermal cycles. Impact toughness assessment unveils diminished values in the weld metal (WM) compared to the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base material (BM), amounting to 91.3% of the base metal’s absorption energy. This decrement is ascribed to heightened porosity in upper regions and variations in grain size and phase composition due to multi-layer, multi-pass welding. Microstructural analysis proximal to failure sites suggests one mechanism wherein crack propagation is impeded by the β phase at acute crack angles. In essence, this study not only underscores the practicality of laser-MIG hybrid welding for medium-thick TC4 alloy plates but also underscores the reliability of joint mechanical properties.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Arc Zone and Laser Zone of TC4 Titanium Alloy Laser–TIG Hybrid Welded Joint

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Microstructure, Variant Selection, and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-4Al-2V Joints

Microstructure, Variant Selection, and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Ti-4Al-2V Joints

A Laser-Induced TIG Arc Narrow-Gap Welding Technique for TC4 Titanium Alloy Thick Plates Based on the Spatial Position Control of Laser, Arc and Filler Wire

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welded Joint of Medium-Thick TC4 Titanium Alloy

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