The microstructures and mechanical properties of tantalum carbides containing predominantly the f-Ta 4 C 3 -x phase are compared with the properties of the monocarbide (c-TaC) and the hemicarbide (a-Ta 2 C) and two-phase composites. It is shown that a Ta and c-TaC powder mixture corresponding to a C/Ta at. ratio of 0.66 can be hot-pressed (1800°C, 2 h) to obtain~95 wt% of f-Ta 4 C 3 -x with a density of 98% of theoretical. This material has an attractive combination of high fracture toughness (13.8 AE 0.2 MPa√m) and fracture strength (759 AE 24 MPa) with modest hardness (5.6 AE 0.5 GPa). The fracture toughness and strength measured for this material were the highest among all the materials with C/Ta ratio ranging from 0.5 (hemicarbide) to 1.0 (monocarbide). It is also shown that a material containing 86 wt% f-Ta 4 C 3 -x can be consolidated by pressureless sintering of a hydrogenated Ta and c-TaC powder mixture without significant drop in density (97% of theoretical) or mechanical properties (13.4 AE 0.2 MPa√m, 700 AE 20 MPa, 6.0 AE 0.4 GPa). Materials containing high weight fraction of the f-Ta 4 C 3 -x phase exhibited rising crack-growth-resistance (R-curve) behavior. Optical and scanning electron microscope observations suggested crack-face bridging was the dominant toughening mechanism. The crackbridging ligaments were lamellae of the basal planes of the f-Ta 4 C 3 -x phase produced by their easy cleavage. The thickness of the lamellae ranged from 40 to 2000 nm, significantly less than the grain size.