Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thermomechanically Forged Tempering Steel 42CrMo4

Diefenbach, Julian; Brunotte, Kai; Behrens, Bernd‐Arno

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-62138-7_15

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The description of the metallographic analyses focuses on the influence of the mechanical processing route since a detailed discussion of the impact of the thermal regime was already given in a previous publication [ 22 ]. The resulting mechanical properties are clearly stated in summarizing diagrams for both parameters, so this paper gives a complete overview of the results of the entire test matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

et al. 2020

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Thermomechanical treatment (TMT) describes the effect of thermal and mechanical conditions on the microstructure of materials during processing and offers possible integration in the forging process. TMT materials exhibit a fine-grained microstructure, leading to excellent mechanical properties. In this study, a two-step TMT upsetting process with intermediate cooling is used to demonstrate possibilities for a process-integrated treatment and corresponding properties. A water–air-based cooling system was designed to adjust different phase configurations by varying the target temperature and cooling rate. Four different thermal processing routes and four combinations of applied plastic strains are investigated in standardized mechanical tests and metallographic analyses. The applied TMT results in a finely structured bainitic microstructure of the investigated tempering steel AISI 4140 (42CrMo4) with different characteristics depending on the forming conditions. It can be shown that the demands of the standard (DIN EN ISO 683) in a quenched and tempered state can be fulfilled by means of appropriate forming conditions. The yield strength can be enhanced up to 1174 MPa while elongation at break is about 12.6% and absorbed impact energy reaches 58.5 J without additional heat treatment when the material is formed after rapid cooling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… ( a ) Position of metallographic cuts and HV1 measurements, micrographs: ( b ) initial state [ 22 ]; ( c ) reference route and different thermomechanical treatment (TMT) routes (( d ) 0.3 + 0.3, lh; ( e ) 0.3 + 0.3, hl). Etched with nitric acid (5%).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

et al. 2020

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Effect of warm forming process parameters on 42CrMo4 skew rolled bar mechanical properties and microstructure

Murillo-Marrodán,

Bulzak,

García

et al. 2024

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Skew rolling is a manufacturing process in which two or three rolls are used to reduce the diameter or modify the shape of a cylindrical workpiece, which is used to manufacture mechanical components such as shafts, rods or balls. Hot conditions are used to overcome limitations related to material ductility, residual stress and machine capacity. In this paper, the warm skew rolling (WSR) process of 42CrMo4 rods is modeled by the finite element method. The effects of forming parameters, namely initial temperature and roll rotational velocity, on the material strain rate, thermal properties, microstructure and hardness were analyzed. Simulation results were validated by experimental process data, while hardness tests and SEM-EBSD microscopy were used to assess mechanical properties and microstructure, respectively. The WSR resulting microstructure is different from the normalized ferritic–pearlitic initial one. The degree of spheroidization (DoS) of cementite increases with temperature. The maximum DoS of 86.5% occurs at the initial temperature of 750 °C, leading to the highest material softening. Rolling from lower temperatures favors grain fragmentation and the achievement of incomplete spheroidization, which, in combination with the highest proportion of high-angle boundaries, contributes to a higher hardness of the rods with respect to those rolled at higher temperatures. The highest reduction in hardness takes place at 750 °C and 30 rpm, leading to 209.4 HV1 (30.7% reduction) and 194.1 HV1 (35.7% reduction) in the near-surface and internal regions, respectively. The driving factor is the transformation of cementite precipitates into a spheroidal form characterized by the greatest degree of dispersion.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thermomechanically Forged Tempering Steel 42CrMo4

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

Mechanical and Thermal Influences on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Process-Integrated Thermomechanically Controlled Forging of Tempering Steel AISI 4140

Effect of warm forming process parameters on 42CrMo4 skew rolled bar mechanical properties and microstructure

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