Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 800-MPa-Class High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Part Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Fang, Qian; Zhao, Lin; Liu, Baoxi; Chen, Cuixin; Peng, Yun; Tian, Zhiling; Yin, Fuxing

doi:10.1007/s11665-022-06784-7

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fang et al used WAAM to fabricate an 800-MPa-class high-strength low-alloy steel. It showed a good balance between strength and ductility, confirming the feasibility of WAAM for the preparation of large-sized, high-strength, and ductile block parts [26]. Jing et al improved the anisotropy of additively manufactured 304L stainless steel by controlling the heat input of the arc and found that increasing the hot-wire current can reduce the temperature gradient in the melt pool, refine the grains, and therefore reduce the anisotropy of the material [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Chen,

Hao,

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study investigates the mechanical properties of exceptionally high-strength steel produced by wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), using the 304 stainless steel wire and the low carbon wire (LCS). The study found that annealing treatment can enhance the steel’s mechanical properties. The microstructure in the LCS layer changed from ferrite to bainite and then to a mixture of austenite, pearlite, and bainite with increasing annealing temperature. In contrast, the SS layer retained its martensitic structure, albeit with altered lath sizes. The annealing treatment also improved the orientation of the grains in the steel. The optimal annealing temperature observed for the steel was 900 ℃, which resulted in a maximum tensile strength of 1176 MPa along the Y direction and 1255 MPa along the Z direction. Despite the superior mechanical properties, the LCS layer still exhibited failure during tensile testing due to its lower hardness. The study suggests that annealing treatment can be a useful technique for enhancing the mechanical properties of high-strength steel in WAAM applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Chen,

Hao,

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Recent research has extensively explored the production of thin-wall components using WAAM HSLA steels [17][18][19]. Qian Fang et al [20,21] investigated block parts of HSLA steel fabricated by WAAM, revealing that proper heat input can yield dense and sound parts with a balanced strength-ductility-toughness profile. Additionally, studies have examined the feasibility of the LAM-W process for various steel components, including 316L stainless steel, ER321 stainless steel, H13 steel, H11 steel, and ultra-high-strength martensitic steel [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Fabricated by Wire-Fed Laser Versus Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Zhang,

Fang,

et al. 2024

Crystals

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This study evaluates the feasibility of producing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel using advanced wire-fed laser additive manufacturing (LAM-W) and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technologies. Optimized parameters were independently developed for each heat source, utilizing a self-designed HSLA steel wire as the feedstock. Microstructural features and mechanical properties of the fabricated steels were characterized and compared, taking into account differences in heat input and cooling rates. LAM-W samples exhibited a finer columnar grain microstructure, while both LAM-W- and WAAM-produced steels predominantly showed lower bainite and granular bainite microstructures. LAM-W demonstrated higher strength and hardness, lower ductility, and comparable low-temperature toughness compared to WAAM. Both processes demonstrated an excellent balance between strength and ductility, with absorbed energy exceeding 100 J at −40 °C. The study confirms the feasibility of producing high-strength and tough HSLA steel parts using LAM-W and WAAM technologies, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. These findings assist in selecting the most suitable wire-fed AM process for HSLA steel fabrication at high deposition rates.

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“…They found that the refinement in grains and the increase in density of grain boundaries resulted in high resistance to failure of the samples in the vertical direction. Fang et al [21] also fabricated HSLA steel parts by WADED. The researcher observed that the part had a superior balance in strength and ductility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Weld Parameters in Wire and Arc-Based Directed Energy Deposition of High Strength Low Alloy Steels

Dang

et al. 2023

Adv. technol. innov.

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This paper aims to investigate the fabrication of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels by wire and arc-based directed energy deposition (WADED). Firstly, the relationship between the process variables (including the travel speed-V, the current-C, and the voltage-U) and the geometrical characteristics of weld beads (including the bead height (BH), bead width (BW), and melting pool length (MPL)) was investigated. Secondly, the optimal process variables were identified using the desirability approach. The results indicate that voltage-U has the highest impact on BW and MPL, meanwhile the travel speed-V is the most impacting factor on BH. The optimal variables for the WADED process of HSAL steels are V = 0.3 m/min, C = 160 A, and U = 19 V. The component fabricated with the optimal variables is fully dense without spatters and defects, confirming the efficiency of the WADED process for HSLA steels.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 800-MPa-Class High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Part Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

A Comparative Study of Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Fabricated by Wire-Fed Laser Versus Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Optimization of Weld Parameters in Wire and Arc-Based Directed Energy Deposition of High Strength Low Alloy Steels

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