“…The impurity levels and carbide fractions of investigated β TNZ and TNZY alloys produced by using different processing parameters are listed in Table 2. Figure 2 Carbon and oxygen contents of MIM β titanium alloys from literature [10, 15–18, 24–40]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxygen and carbon are the most concerned interstitial impurities that can significantly influence the mechanical properties of MIM titanium alloys [8]. Corresponding impurity pick-up levels of β titanium alloys fabricated by up-to-date binder-based powder technologies [10,[15][16][17][18][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] are plotted in Figure 2. Apparently, oxygen levels always are in the range of 1500−3800 μg/g, while carbon levels are around 400 −800 μg/g in most cases.…”
The β titanium alloys are key materials in lightweight and biomedical applications, due to the combination of excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the Binderbased Powder Technologies such as Metal-Injection-Molding (MIM), Binder-Jetting and Fused-Filament-Fabrication, normally introduce three major processing-related defects in the as-sintered Ti-parts: (i) residual porosity, (ii) high impurity level and (iii) coarse-grained structure. The previous studies revealed that these processing defects invariably tend to be even more severe in β titanium alloys than in α/β Ti-6Al-4V alloy, all fabricated by powder metallurgical route. In this work, these processing defects and their likely origins in MIM β titanium alloys are analysed. Furthermore, the influence of these defects on damage tolerance and fracture mechanisms of MIM β titanium alloys under either static or dynamic loading is investigated. Based on the studies, strategic technical improvements in the processing to improve the reliability of MIM β titanium alloys products are proposed.
“…The impurity levels and carbide fractions of investigated β TNZ and TNZY alloys produced by using different processing parameters are listed in Table 2. Figure 2 Carbon and oxygen contents of MIM β titanium alloys from literature [10, 15–18, 24–40]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oxygen and carbon are the most concerned interstitial impurities that can significantly influence the mechanical properties of MIM titanium alloys [8]. Corresponding impurity pick-up levels of β titanium alloys fabricated by up-to-date binder-based powder technologies [10,[15][16][17][18][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] are plotted in Figure 2. Apparently, oxygen levels always are in the range of 1500−3800 μg/g, while carbon levels are around 400 −800 μg/g in most cases.…”
The β titanium alloys are key materials in lightweight and biomedical applications, due to the combination of excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the Binderbased Powder Technologies such as Metal-Injection-Molding (MIM), Binder-Jetting and Fused-Filament-Fabrication, normally introduce three major processing-related defects in the as-sintered Ti-parts: (i) residual porosity, (ii) high impurity level and (iii) coarse-grained structure. The previous studies revealed that these processing defects invariably tend to be even more severe in β titanium alloys than in α/β Ti-6Al-4V alloy, all fabricated by powder metallurgical route. In this work, these processing defects and their likely origins in MIM β titanium alloys are analysed. Furthermore, the influence of these defects on damage tolerance and fracture mechanisms of MIM β titanium alloys under either static or dynamic loading is investigated. Based on the studies, strategic technical improvements in the processing to improve the reliability of MIM β titanium alloys products are proposed.
“…Ti + B 4 C → Ti + TiC + TiB [43] Metals 2022, AB and AC form near BC reinforcements, so a cluster of nuclei forms at former BC particles. Microstructural evolution relies on the stability of BC [16].…”
Section: Reaction Description Microstructural Features Examplesmentioning
In situ composite manufacture is an approach to improve interfacial adhesion between matrix and reinforcements, in which reinforcements are synthesized along composite processing itself. In situ powder metallurgy route, in particular, offers alternatives to some shortcomings found in other techniques. This work aims not only to review the state of the art on metal matrix composites (MMCs)—including cermets—obtained in situ by powder metallurgy, but also to dissect key aspects related to the development of such materials in order to establish theoretical criteria for decision making before and along experiments. Aspects regarding the design, raw material selection, and processing of such composites were observed and divided between concept, intrinsic, and extrinsic parameters. That way, by means of material databases and computational thermodynamics applied to examples of the reviewed literature, we aim at providing tools in both conducting leaner experiments and richer discussion in this field.
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